论文标题
微样本的断裂力学：基本考虑
Fracture mechanics of micro samples: Fundamental considerations
论文作者
论文摘要
在这篇评论文章中，我们考虑了从断裂力学的角度来看微米和亚微米大小的样品的裂纹生长抗性。为宏观样本开发了标准断裂力学测试程序，并将样品维度降低了三到五个数量级，其后果很大。这涉及对微动力学获得的结果的解释，以及微型和纳米设备的寿命和失败预测。我们讨论相关的断裂力学长度尺度及其与材料特定结构长度的关系，以进行严格的断裂力学实验。为了确保评估概念的一般有效性和适用性，这些缩放考虑因素详细介绍了理想的脆性，半脆性和微延性裂纹裂纹的传播，但要遵守单调和环状载荷。特别注意确定各种负载类型的样品大小的要求，以测量小尺度上的材料特征裂纹耐药性。最后，我们讨论了微米和亚微米断裂力学测试的新型可能性，以提高对特定裂纹传播过程的基本理解。
In this review article we consider the crack growth resistance ofmicrometer and submicrometer sized samples from the fracture mechanics point of view. Standard fracture mechanics test procedures were developed for macroscale samples, and reduction of the specimen dimensions by three to five orders of magnitude has severe consequences. This concerns the interpretation of results obtained by micro and nanomechanics, as well as the life time and failure prediction of micro and nano devices. We discuss the relevant fracture mechanics length scales and their relation to the material specific structural lengths in order to conduct rigorous fracture mechanics experiments. To ensure general validity and applicability of evaluation concepts, these scaling considerations are detailed for ideally brittle, semi brittle and micro ductile crack propagation, subject to both monotonic and cyclic loading. Special attention is devoted to the requirements for determining specimen size for various loading types to measure material characteristic crack propagation resistance at small scales. Finally, we discuss novel possibilities of micron and submicron fracture mechanics tests to improve the basic understanding of specific crack propagation processes.
