论文标题
不幸的13号？操纵证据以窥探
Unlucky Number 13? Manipulating Evidence Subject to Snooping
论文作者
论文摘要
诸如Harking或P-Hacking之类的可疑研究实践引起了整个科学界的近期兴趣。我们包含涉及秘密数据窥探的这种实践，这些实践会影响随后的统计推断，该术语杂乱（操纵证据可以按照窥探）进行讨论，说明和量化几种形式的混乱形式的巨大影响，使用经验和简单的理论示例。经验示例使用了最受欢迎的德国彩票中的数字，这似乎表明13是一个不幸的数字。
Questionable research practices like HARKing or p-hacking have generated considerable recent interest throughout and beyond the scientific community. We subsume such practices involving secret data snooping that influences subsequent statistical inference under the term MESSing (manipulating evidence subject to snooping) and discuss, illustrate and quantify the possibly dramatic effects of several forms of MESSing using an empirical and a simple theoretical example. The empirical example uses numbers from the most popular German lottery, which seem to suggest that 13 is an unlucky number.
