论文标题
通过影响功能,有效,直接和受限的黑框逃避弹性攻击对任何层的图形神经网络
Efficient, Direct, and Restricted Black-Box Graph Evasion Attacks to Any-Layer Graph Neural Networks via Influence Function
论文作者
论文摘要
图形神经网络(GNN)是在图形数据上学习的主流方法,很容易受到图形逃避攻击的影响,在该方法中,攻击者略微扰动图形结构可以欺骗经过训练的GNN模型。现有工作至少具有以下缺点之一:1)限制直接攻击两层GNN; 2)效率低下; 3)不切实际,因为他们需要了解GNN模型参数的一部分。 我们解决了上述缺点,并提出了一个基于影响力的\ emph {有效,直接和受限的黑框}逃避攻击对\ emph {任何layer} gnns。具体而言,我们首先介绍了分别在GNN和标签传播(LP)上定义的两个影响功能,即特征标签的影响和标签影响。然后,我们观察到GNN和LP根据我们的定义影响密切相关。基于此,我们可以将逃避对GNN的逃避攻击重新制定,以计算标签对LP的影响,这是适用于任何层GNNS的\ emph {固有的},而不需要了解有关内部GNN模型的信息。最后,我们提出了一种有效的算法来计算标签影响。各种图形数据集的实验结果表明,与最新的白色框攻击相比,我们的攻击可以实现可比的攻击性能,但在攻击两层GNN时具有5-50倍的速度。此外,我们的攻击对于攻击多层GNNS \ footNote {源代码和完整版本在链接中是有效的:\ url {https://github.com/ventr1c/infattack}}}。
Graph neural network (GNN), the mainstream method to learn on graph data, is vulnerable to graph evasion attacks, where an attacker slightly perturbing the graph structure can fool trained GNN models. Existing work has at least one of the following drawbacks: 1) limited to directly attack two-layer GNNs; 2) inefficient; and 3) impractical, as they need to know full or part of GNN model parameters. We address the above drawbacks and propose an influence-based \emph{efficient, direct, and restricted black-box} evasion attack to \emph{any-layer} GNNs. Specifically, we first introduce two influence functions, i.e., feature-label influence and label influence, that are defined on GNNs and label propagation (LP), respectively. Then we observe that GNNs and LP are strongly connected in terms of our defined influences. Based on this, we can then reformulate the evasion attack to GNNs as calculating label influence on LP, which is \emph{inherently} applicable to any-layer GNNs, while no need to know information about the internal GNN model. Finally, we propose an efficient algorithm to calculate label influence. Experimental results on various graph datasets show that, compared to state-of-the-art white-box attacks, our attack can achieve comparable attack performance, but has a 5-50x speedup when attacking two-layer GNNs. Moreover, our attack is effective to attack multi-layer GNNs\footnote{Source code and full version is in the link: \url{https://github.com/ventr1c/InfAttack}}.