论文标题
Qubic V:低温系统设计和性能
QUBIC V: Cryogenic system design and performance
论文作者
论文摘要
目前的实验旨在测量宇宙微波背景(CMB)的极化,使用低温探测器阵列和冷光学系统来提高天空调查的映射速度。由于这些原因,需要大量的低温系统,具有大型光学窗口,需要连续工作多年。在这里,我们报告了Qubic的低温系统(Q和U骨化剂的宇宙学)实验:我们描述了技术演示器配置中的设计,制造,实验优化和验证。 Qubic低温系统基于一个大体积的低温恒温器,使用两个脉冲管冰箱以〜3K冷却〜3k(〜1 m^3)的体积(〜1 m^3)体积,重量(〜165kg)的仪器,包括低温偏振器,瓦楞纸犬阵列,以及较低的温度阶段;一个4HE蒸发器冷却在〜1K的干涉仪梁组合器;一个3HE蒸发器冷却在〜0.3k的焦点探测器阵列。低温系统已经过测试并验证了超过6个月的连续操作。检测器阵列的稳定工作温度为0.33K,而极化调节器已从〜10K的基本温度进行操作。该系统已被倾斜以覆盖散热的高度范围为20度-90度,而没有明显的温度变化。该仪器现在准备部署到阿根廷高的安第斯山脉。
Current experiments aimed at measuring the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) use cryogenic detector arrays and cold optical systems to boost the mapping speed of the sky survey. For these reasons, large volume cryogenic systems, with large optical windows, working continuously for years, are needed. Here we report on the cryogenic system of the QUBIC (Q and U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology) experiment: we describe its design, fabrication, experimental optimization and validation in the Technological Demonstrator configuration. The QUBIC cryogenic system is based on a large volume cryostat, using two pulse-tube refrigerators to cool at ~3K a large (~1 m^3) volume, heavy (~165kg) instrument, including the cryogenic polarization modulator, the corrugated feedhorns array, and the lower temperature stages; a 4He evaporator cooling at ~1K the interferometer beam combiner; a 3He evaporator cooling at ~0.3K the focal-plane detector arrays. The cryogenic system has been tested and validated for more than 6 months of continuous operation. The detector arrays have reached a stable operating temperature of 0.33K, while the polarization modulator has been operated from a ~10K base temperature. The system has been tilted to cover the boresight elevation range 20 deg -90 deg without significant temperature variations. The instrument is now ready for deployment to the high Argentinean Andes.