论文标题

长寿的洛拉:延长洛拉网络的寿命

Long-Lived LoRa: Prolonging the Lifetime of a LoRa Network

论文作者

Fahmida, Sezana, Modekurthy, Venkata P, Rahman, Mahbubur, Saifullah, Abusayeed, Brocanelli, Marco

论文摘要

延长网络寿命是许多事物应用程序的主要考虑因素。在本文中,我们研究了能量收获的洛拉网络的最大化网络寿命。这样的网络的特征是在现有工作中未考虑的整个节点上的异质充电功能。我们提出了一个链路层协议,以实现一个长寿命的洛拉网络,该协议通过耗尽电池的节点动态地使节点通过让耗尽的节点将其数据包卸载到富裕节点中,从而利用相邻节点的多余能量来利用相邻节点的多余能量。通过利用Lora调整多个传输参数的能力,我们可以通过耗尽节点而不是高成本直接转发来实现低成本卸载。这样的卸载需要同步唤醒时间以及两个节点之间的传输参数,这些节点也需要动态选择。提出的协议解决了这些挑战,并通过三种新技术延长了洛拉网络的寿命。 (1)我们为点对点通信提出了一个轻巧的中型访问控制协议,以使数据包卸载,以绕过两个节点之间的同步开销。 (2)我们提出了一种直观的启发式方法,用于针对不同模式的有效参数选择(常规与卸载)。 (3)我们分析了卸载的能量开销,并基于该协议动态选择富裕和耗尽的节点,同时确保富裕的节点不会被枯竭的节点淹没。 NS-3和实际实验中的模拟表明,与传统的LORA网络相比,我们的协议可以将网络寿命增加到$ 4 $倍,同时保持相同的吞吐量。

Prolonging the network lifetime is a major consideration in many Internet of Things applications. In this paper, we study maximizing the network lifetime of an energy-harvesting LoRa network. Such a network is characterized by heterogeneous recharging capabilities across the nodes that is not taken into account in existing work. We propose a link-layer protocol to achieve a long-lived LoRa network which dynamically enables the nodes with depleting batteries to exploit the superfluous energy of the neighboring nodes with affluent batteries by letting a depleting node offload its packets to an affluent node. By exploiting the LoRa's capability of adjusting multiple transmission parameters, we enable low-cost offloading by depleting nodes instead of high-cost direct forwarding. Such offloading requires synchronization of wake-up times as well as transmission parameters between the two nodes which also need to be selected dynamically. The proposed protocol addresses these challenges and prolongs the lifetime of a LoRa network through three novel techniques. (1) We propose a lightweight medium access control protocol for peer-to-peer communication to enable packet offloading which circumvents the synchronization overhead between the two nodes. (2) We propose an intuitive heuristic method for effective parameter selections for different modes (conventional vs. offloading). (3) We analyze the energy overhead of offloading and, based on it, the protocol dynamically selects affluent and depleting nodes while ensuring that an affluent node is not overwhelmed by the depleting ones. Simulations in NS-3 as well as real experiments show that our protocol can increase the network lifetime up to $4$ times while maintaining the same throughput compared to traditional LoRa network.

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