论文标题
使用细胞粒子方法模拟血浆加速器
Simulation of plasma accelerators with the Particle-In-Cell method
论文作者
论文摘要
我们介绍了标准电磁粒子中的方法，从均匀网格上的衍生物的离散近似开始。然后将应用于运动方程和麦克斯韦方程的二阶，中心，有限差异化离散化，然后以一个维度描述，然后是两个维度和三个维度。提出了各种算法，为此我们讨论了稳定性和准确性，引入和阐明了数值随机加热，CFL极限和数值分散概念。详细介绍了通过插值在各种阶的插值中耦合的耦合，以及它对能量和动量保存的含义。讨论了与等离子体加速器建模相关的特殊主题，例如移动窗口，最佳Lorentz增强框架，数值Cherenkov的不稳定性及其缓解措施。给出了激光驱动和颗粒梁驱动的加速器的模拟示例，包括带有网状细化。最后，我们讨论了高性能计算和简短的前景。
We present the standard electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell method, starting from the discrete approximation of derivatives on a uniform grid. The application to second-order, centered, finite-difference discretization of the equations of motion and of Maxwells equations is then described in one dimension, followed by two and three dimensions. Various algorithms are presented, for which we discuss the stability and accuracy, introducing and elucidating concepts like numerical stochastic heating, CFL limit and numerical dispersion. The coupling of the particles and field quantities via interpolation at various orders is detailed, together with its implication on energy and momentum conserving. Special topics of relevance to the modeling of plasma accelerators are discussed, such as moving window, optimal Lorentz boosted frame, the numerical Cherenkov instability and its mitigation. Examples of simulations of laser-driven and particle beam-driven accelerators are given, including with mesh refinement. We conclude with a discussion on high-performance computing and a brief outlook.
