论文标题

自动化时间平衡分析:多玩家游戏的验证和合成

Automated Temporal Equilibrium Analysis: Verification and Synthesis of Multi-Player Games

论文作者

Gutierrez, Julian, Najib, Muhammad, Perelli, Giuseppe, Wooldridge, Michael

论文摘要

在多代理系统的背景下,合理验证问题涉及检查当假定其组成代理以合理和战略性地追求个人目标时,在系统中将存在哪些时间逻辑属性。通常,这些目标表示为时间逻辑公式,相关代理希望得到满足。不幸的是,理性验证在计算上是复杂的,并且需要专门的技术才能获得实际可用的实现。在本文中,我们提出了这样的技术。该技术依赖于减少理性验证问题的方法来解决平等游戏集合的解决方案。我们的方法已在平衡验证环境(EVE)系统中实施。 EVE系统作为输入使用简单反应模块语言(​​SRML)表示的并发/多代理系统的模型,其中代理目标表示为线性时间逻辑(LTL)公式,以及关于系统的平衡行为的主张,也表示为LTL公式。然后,EVE可以检查LTL索赔是否对通过选择NASH均衡策略的代理可能出现的系统计算(或每个)计算。它还可以检查系统是否具有NASH平衡,并为多玩家游戏中的玩家综合个人策略。介绍了我们的基本框架之后,我们描述了我们的新技术并证明其正确性。然后,我们描述了我们在EVE系统中的实现,并提出了实验结果,这些结果表明,与支持合理验证的其他现有工具相比,EVE的性能优惠。

In the context of multi-agent systems, the rational verification problem is concerned with checking which temporal logic properties will hold in a system when its constituent agents are assumed to behave rationally and strategically in pursuit of individual objectives. Typically, those objectives are expressed as temporal logic formulae which the relevant agent desires to see satisfied. Unfortunately, rational verification is computationally complex, and requires specialised techniques in order to obtain practically useable implementations. In this paper, we present such a technique. This technique relies on a reduction of the rational verification problem to the solution of a collection of parity games. Our approach has been implemented in the Equilibrium Verification Environment (EVE) system. The EVE system takes as input a model of a concurrent/multi-agent system represented using the Simple Reactive Modules Language (SRML), where agent goals are represented as Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulae, together with a claim about the equilibrium behaviour of the system, also expressed as an LTL formula. EVE can then check whether the LTL claim holds on some (or every) computation of the system that could arise through agents choosing Nash equilibrium strategies; it can also check whether a system has a Nash equilibrium, and synthesise individual strategies for players in the multi-player game. After presenting our basic framework, we describe our new technique and prove its correctness. We then describe our implementation in the EVE system, and present experimental results which show that EVE performs favourably in comparison to other existing tools that support rational verification.

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