论文标题
俄罗斯的大脑流失和大脑收益：使用Scopus Biblieprictric数据1996-2020分析研究人员的国际研究人员的迁移
Brain Drain and Brain Gain in Russia: Analyzing International Migration of Researchers by Discipline using Scopus Bibliometric Data 1996-2020
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究学术界的国际流动性，重点是已发表的研究人员往返俄罗斯。我们使用详尽的2400万美元Scopus出版物，分析了所有在1996 - 2020年在Scopus索引来源中发表俄罗斯隶属关系的研究人员。研究人员的迁移是通过其隶属地址的变化来观察到的，这改变了他们在不同年份的隶属关系国家。尽管这些研究人员中只有$ 5.2 \％$是国际移动的，但他们占了很大一部分的引用。我们对净迁移率的估计表明，尽管俄罗斯是1990年代末和2000年代初的捐助国，但近年来，它经历了研究人员的相对平衡的流通。这些发现表明，俄罗斯学术迁移的当前趋势可以被更好地构建为脑循环，而不是大脑流失。总体而言，从俄罗斯移民的研究人员人数超过了移民到俄罗斯的研究人员。我们对出版场所的主题类别的分析表明，在过去的25年中，俄罗斯总体上在大多数学科中遭受了净损失，最著名的是在神经科学，决策科学，数学，生物化学和药理学的五个学科中。我们在随机排除数据和数字参数变化下证明了我们主要发现的鲁棒性。我们的实质性结果揭示了学术界国际流动性的新方面，以及这种流动性对国家科学系统的影响，这些系统对政策制定有直接影响。从方法论上讲，我们的处理大数据的新方法可以作为研究其他国家的学术迁移的分析框架。
We study international mobility in academia, with a focus on the migration of published researchers to and from Russia. Using an exhaustive set of over $2.4$ million Scopus publications, we analyze all researchers who have published with a Russian affiliation address in Scopus-indexed sources in 1996-2020. The migration of researchers is observed through the changes in their affiliation addresses, which altered their mode countries of affiliation across different years. While only $5.2\%$ of these researchers were internationally mobile, they accounted for a substantial proportion of citations. Our estimates of net migration rates indicate that while Russia was a donor country in the late 1990s and early 2000s, it has experienced a relatively balanced circulation of researchers in more recent years. These findings suggest that the current trends in scholarly migration in Russia could be better framed as brain circulation, rather than as brain drain. Overall, researchers emigrating from Russia outnumbered and outperformed researchers immigrating to Russia. Our analysis on the subject categories of publication venues shows that in the past 25 years, Russia has, overall, suffered a net loss in most disciplines, and most notably in the five disciplines of neuroscience, decision sciences, mathematics, biochemistry, and pharmacology. We demonstrate the robustness of our main findings under random exclusion of data and changes in numeric parameters. Our substantive results shed light on new aspects of international mobility in academia, and on the impact of this mobility on a national science system, which have direct implications for policy development. Methodologically, our novel approach to handling big data can be adopted as a framework of analysis for studying scholarly migration in other countries.
