用10年的Antares数据来限制伽马射线爆发对高能扩散中微子通量的贡献

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用10年的Antares数据来限制伽马射线爆发对高能扩散中微子通量的贡献

Constraining the contribution of Gamma-Ray Bursts to the high-energy diffuse neutrino flux with 10 years of ANTARES data

论文作者

ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., André, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid, M., Aubert, J. -J., Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carr, J., Celli, S., Chabab, M., Chau, T. N., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coleiro, A., Colomer-Molla, M., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Díaz, A. F., de Wasseige, G., Deschamps, A., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eber, T., Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Ettahiri, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gay, P., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Graf, K., Guidi, C., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Jongen, M., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Khan-Chowdhury, N. R., Kouchner, A., Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Breton, R. Le, Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Lincetto, M., Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maggi, G., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Mazzou, S., Melis, K., Migliozzi, P., Moser, M., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Nauta, L., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Nuñez-Castiñeyra, A., O'Fearraigh, B., Organokov, M., Păvălaş, G. E., Pellegrino, C., Perrin-Terrin, M., Piattelli, P., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Randazzo, N., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabe, J., Schüssler, F., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Strandberg, B., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Thakore, T., Tingay, S. J., Vallage, B., Van Elewyck, V., Versari, F., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J.

论文摘要

解决由IceCube观察到的天体中微子通量的起源至关重要。伽马射线爆发（GRB）是少数能够通过P $γ$相互作用实现这种中微子通量所需能量的天体物理来源之一。在这项工作中，Antares数据已用于在空间和时间巧合中与784 GRB一起寻找向上进行的MUON中微子，从2007年到2017年发生。对于每个GRB，在内部冲击模型的框架中都计算了预期的中微子通量，并且在内部冲击模型的框架中都计算出对源源不足的量子和其他量化量的量化量的量子，并且对其他量化的量量进行了量级量的量，并具有量级量的量级。发现设置冲击碰撞发生的径向距离的模型参数对中微子通量期望的影响最大。特别是，发现源喷射的大部分洛伦兹因子和最小变异时间尺度对GRB-Neutrino通量不确定性产生了显着贡献。对于选定的来源，通过通过扩展的最大似然策略最大化堆叠样品的发现概率，已经分析了Antares数据。该模型称，由于没有中微子事件通过了优化程序设定的质量削减，因此已经得出了预期的预期弥漫性中微子通量的90 \％置信水平上限（由于其不确定性）。 GRB对观察到的弥漫性天体中微子通量围绕100 TEV的贡献限制为小于10 \％。

Addressing the origin of the astrophysical neutrino flux observed by IceCube is of paramount importance. Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are among the few astrophysical sources capable of achieving the required energy to contribute to such neutrino flux through p$γ$ interactions. In this work, ANTARES data have been used to search for upward going muon neutrinos in spatial and temporal coincidence with 784 GRBs occurred from 2007 to 2017. For each GRB, the expected neutrino flux has been calculated in the framework of the internal shock model and the impact of the lack of knowledge on the majority of source redshifts and on other intrinsic parameters of the emission mechanism has been quantified. It is found that the model parameters that set the radial distance where shock collisions occur have the largest impact on neutrino flux expectations. In particular, the bulk Lorentz factor of the source ejecta and the minimum variability timescale are found to contribute significantly to the GRB-neutrino flux uncertainty. For the selected sources, ANTARES data have been analysed, by maximising the discovery probability of the stacking sample through an extended maximum-likelihood strategy. Since no neutrino event passed the quality cuts set by the optimisation procedure, 90\% confidence level upper limits (with their uncertainty) on the total expected diffuse neutrino flux have been derived, according to the model. The GRB contribution to the observed diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux around 100 TeV is constrained to be less than 10\%.

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