论文标题
用具有物理信息的深度学习来求解波动方程
Solving the wave equation with physics-informed deep learning
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了物理知识神经网络(PINN)来解决波动方程的使用。尽管PINN已成功地应用于许多物理系统,但由于其解决方案的多尺度,繁殖和振荡性,波浪方程式引起了独特的挑战,并且在这种情况下它们的性能尚不清楚。我们使用深度神经网络来学习波方程的解决方案,使用波方程和边界条件作为训练网络时损耗函数的直接约束。我们通过求解2D声波方程来测试该方法,以增加复杂性的空间变化速度模型,包括均质,分层和地球现实主义模型,并发现该网络能够在这些情况下准确模拟波场。通过在损失函数中使用物理限制,网络可以为远离其边界训练数据之外的波场解决,从而提供了一种减少现有深度学习方法的概括问题的方法。我们通过在源位置上调节网络,并发现它能够在此初始条件上概括,从而扩展了地球现实情况的方法,从而消除了为每个解决方案重新训练网络的需求。与传统的数值模拟相反,在计算波场任意时空点时,这种方法非常有效,因为一旦训练了网络就可以单个步骤进行推断,而无需计算整个波场。我们讨论了这项工作的潜在应用,局限性和进一步的研究方向。
We investigate the use of Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for solving the wave equation. Whilst PINNs have been successfully applied across many physical systems, the wave equation presents unique challenges due to the multi-scale, propagating and oscillatory nature of its solutions, and it is unclear how well they perform in this setting. We use a deep neural network to learn solutions of the wave equation, using the wave equation and a boundary condition as direct constraints in the loss function when training the network. We test the approach by solving the 2D acoustic wave equation for spatially-varying velocity models of increasing complexity, including homogeneous, layered and Earth-realistic models, and find the network is able to accurately simulate the wavefield across these cases. By using the physics constraint in the loss function the network is able to solve for the wavefield far outside of its boundary training data, offering a way to reduce the generalisation issues of existing deep learning approaches. We extend the approach for the Earth-realistic case by conditioning the network on the source location and find that it is able to generalise over this initial condition, removing the need to retrain the network for each solution. In contrast to traditional numerical simulation this approach is very efficient when computing arbitrary space-time points in the wavefield, as once trained the network carries out inference in a single step without needing to compute the entire wavefield. We discuss the potential applications, limitations and further research directions of this work.