论文标题
富含C富AGB星V的三组分建模V.频率依赖性辐射转移的影响包括漂移
Three-component modelling of C-rich AGB star winds V. Effects of frequency-dependent radiative transfer including drift
论文作者
论文摘要
凉爽碳星的恒星风丰富了星际介质，并具有大量的碳和灰尘。我们介绍了两流体流对风的影响的研究，在其中添加了频率依赖性辐射转移的描述。此外，我们的辐射流体动力学模型还包括出色的脉动，晶粒的生长和消融，使用一个平均晶粒尺寸，基于小粒子极限和MIE散射的灰尘灭绝以及准确的数值方案。我们使用1024个网格点和太阳金属率以319个频率计算高空间分辨率的模型，我们通过将漂移模型与非滴水模型进行比较来辨别漂移的效果。与现有结果相比，我们的结果显示出多达1000％的差异。漂移模型的质量损失速率和风速通常是（但并非总是比非饮用器模型）低。当使用MIE散射而不是小粒子极限时，差异更大。在其他特性中，气体和灰尘，尘埃与气体密度比和风速的质量降低速率显示出对灰尘与气体速度比的指数依赖性。当使用漂移时，尘埃的产量最少会增加四倍。我们发现在10-67 km/s的范围内漂移速度，这比我们较早使用灰色辐射转移的作品中的漂移速度大大高。必须包括对漂移速度的估计，以繁殖高灰尘和低风速的产量。
Stellar winds of cool carbon stars enrich the interstellar medium with significant amounts of carbon and dust. We present a study of the influence of two-fluid flow on winds where we add descriptions of frequency-dependent radiative transfer. Our radiation hydrodynamic models in addition include stellar pulsations, grain growth and ablation, gas-to-dust drift using one mean grain size, dust extinction based on both the small particle limit and Mie scattering, and an accurate numerical scheme. We calculate models at high spatial resolution using 1024 gridpoints and solar metallicities at 319 frequencies, and we discern effects of drift by comparing drift models to non-drift models. Our results show differences of up to 1000 per cent in comparison to extant results. Mass-loss rates and wind velocities of drift models are typically, but not always, lower than in non-drift models. Differences are larger when Mie scattering is used instead of the small particle limit. Amongst other properties, the mass-loss rates of the gas and dust, dust-to-gas density ratio, and wind velocity show an exponential dependence on the dust-to-gas speed ratio. Yields of dust in the least massive winds increase by a factor four when drift is used. We find drift velocities in the range 10-67 km/s, which is drastically higher than in our earlier works that use grey radiative transfer. It is necessary to include an estimate of drift velocities to reproduce high yields of dust and low wind velocities.
