论文标题
宽带模态正交性:宽带DOA估计的新方法
Wideband Modal Orthogonality: A New Approach for Broadband DOA Estimation
论文作者
论文摘要
在文献中已经广泛研究了传感器阵列的宽带方向(DOA)估计技术。然而,需要有关来源数量和方向或要求重大计算负载的先前信息,使大多数这些技术在实践中的用处降低了。在本文中,提出了针对宽带模态正交性(WIMO)的DOA估算的基于低复杂性的基于子空间的框架,并因此开发了两个DOA估计器。首先,提出了均匀频谱案例中时空协方差矩阵(STCM)的闭合形式近似。与非零特征值相关的STCM的特征向量是在给定带宽和方向上宽带源的模态成分。 WIMO的想法是从所需的DOA从近似STCM中提取这些特征向量,并测试其正交性至估计的噪声子空间。在非均匀的频谱情况下,可以通过通过数值积分近似STCM来应用WIMO的想法。幸运的是,可以离线执行STCM近似和模态提取。 WIMO在没有常规先决条件的情况下提供了DOA估计,例如光谱分解,聚焦程序以及有关来源及其DOA数量的先验信息。进行了几个数值示例,以将WIMO性能与最新方法进行比较。模拟表明,两个提出的DOA估计器在分辨率和估计误差的概率以及运行时加速顺序方面取得了出色的性能。
Wideband direction of arrival (DOA) estimation techniques for sensors array have been studied extensively in the literature. Nevertheless, needing prior information on the number and directions of sources or demanding heavy computational load makes most of these techniques less useful in practice. In this paper, a low complexity subspace-based framework for DOA estimation of broadband signals, named as wideband modal orthogonality (WIMO), is proposed and accordingly two DOA estimators are developed. First, a closed-form approximation of spatial-temporal covariance matrix (STCM) in the uniform spectrum case is presented. The eigenvectors of STCM associated with non-zero eigenvalues are modal components of the wideband source in a given bandwidth and direction. WIMO idea is to extract these eigenvectors at desired DOAs from the approximated STCM and test their orthogonality to estimated noise subspace. In the non-uniform spectrum case, WIMO idea can be applied by approximating STCM through numerical integration. Fortunately, STCM approximation and modal extraction can be performed offline. WIMO provides DOA estimation without the conventional prerequisites, such as spectral decomposition, focusing procedure and, a priori information on the number of sources and their DOAs. Several numerical examples are conducted to compare the WIMO performance with the state-of-the-art methods. Simulations demonstrate that the two proposed DOA estimators achieve superior performance in terms of probability of resolution and estimation error along with orders of magnitude runtime speedup.