论文标题
HVDC线的市场集成:节省损失分配和重新分配的成本
Market Integration of HVDC Lines: Cost Savings from Loss Allocation and Redispatching
论文作者
论文摘要
在北欧地区,许多互连器由HVDC链路形成,因为斯堪的纳维亚半岛,欧洲大陆和波罗的海地区是非同步的交流系统。本文对北欧国家中HVDC互连的利用进行了两项成本益处分析:第一,我们研究了HVDC互连储备采购的利用率,在第二天,我们评估了对HVDC互连的实施HVDC Interconconconnectors the Dayshead Market中的实施。 首次分析是由2018年的真实事件引起的,北欧系统的惯性下降到临界水平以下,最关键的发电单元(瑞典的核电站)被重新匹配以保证系统的安全性。为了确保系统安全性同时降低预防措施的成本,在2020年夏季,在北欧系统中引入了新的频率产品:快速频率储备(FFR)。但是,HVDC线可以以较低的成本执行类似的任务。因此,在我们的分析中,我们正在研究使用HVDC线使用其紧急电源控制(EPC)功能的频率支持的成本节省,而不是重新配置或FFR。 第二个分析是基于北欧传输系统运营商(TSO)的主张,以在市场清除中引入线性HVDC损失因子。通过我们的分析,我们表明线性损失因素可以不公平地惩罚一条HVDC线,这可以减少社会利益并危害商人HVDC线的收入。在这方面,我们提出了分段线性损耗因素:易于实现但有效的解决方案。此外,我们证明了HVDC损耗因子的引入如何是部分解决方案,因为它不成比例地增加了AC损耗。我们的结果表明,AC损耗因子的额外包含可以消除此问题。
In the Nordic region, many interconnectors are formed by HVDC links, as Scandinavia, Continental Europe and the Baltic region are non-synchronous AC systems. This paper presents two cost benefit analyses on the utilization of HVDC interconnectors in the Nordic countries: in the first we investigate the utilization of HVDC interconnectors for reserve procurement and, in the second, we assess the implementation of implicit grid losses on HVDC interconnectors in the day-ahead market. The first analysis is motivated by real events in 2018 where the inertia of the Nordic system dropped below a critical level and the most critical generating unit, a nuclear power plant in Sweden, was redispatched to guarantee the security of the system. In order to guarantee system security while reducing the costs of preventive actions, in summer 2020 new frequency products were introduced in the Nordic system: the Fast Frequency Reserves (FFR). HVDC lines, however, can perform similar tasks at lower costs. In our analysis, we are, thus, investigating the cost savings of using HVDC lines for frequency support using their Emergency Power Control (EPC) functionality, instead of redispatching or FFR. The second analysis is based on the proposition of Nordic Transmission System Operators (TSOs) to introduce linear HVDC loss factors in the market clearing. With our analysis, we show that linear loss factors can unfairly penalize one HVDC line over the other, and this can reduce social benefits and jeopardize revenues of merchant HVDC lines. In this regard, we propose piecewise-linear loss factors: a simple-to-implement but highly-effective solution. Moreover, we demonstrate how the introduction of HVDC loss factors is a partial solution, since it disproportionally increases the AC losses. Our results show that the additional inclusion of AC loss factors can eliminate this problem.