论文标题

正则化kappa分布的平行电磁模式的线性分散理论

Linear Dispersion Theory of Parallel Electromagnetic Modes for Regularized Kappa-Distributions

论文作者

Husidic, Edin, Lazar, Marian, Fichtner, Horst, Scherer, Klaus, Astfalk, Patrick

论文摘要

在空间等离子体中测量的速度粒子分布与麦克斯韦(热)平衡相差,显示出增强的外尾尾,这些尾巴由标准的Kappa-Distribution(SKD)很好地描述。尽管它成功地应用了它,但SKD经常因一系列非物理含义(例如速度矩分化)而引起争议,从而阻止了对等离子体的宏观描述。引入了正规化的kappa-Distribution(RKD)来克服这些限制,但是尚未探索RKD-Plasmas的分散性能。在本文中,我们计算了以RKD为特征的等离子体中电磁模式的频率和阻尼或增长率的波数分散。通过使用用于任意旋转分布的基于网格的动力学分散求解器来完成此任务[P. Astfalk和F. Jenko,J。Geophys。 res。 122,89(2017)]。通过重现SKD和Maxwellian获得的先前结果,我们验证了代码的功能。此外,我们应用各向同性和各向异性RKD来研究稳定的电磁电子 - 循环(EMEC)和离子 - cyclotron(EMIC)模式以及温度 - 动脉粥样硬化驱动的不稳定性$ t_ \ perp / t_ \并行<1 $(质子和电子消防员不稳定性),其中$ \ parallel $和$ \ perp $表示方向并行且垂直于本地时间平均磁场。前提是截止参数$α$足够小,结果表明RKD在定性和定量水平上都重现了SKD等离子体的分散曲线。但是,对于更高的值,发生物理上显着的偏差。

The velocity particle distributions measured in-situ in space plasmas deviate from Maxwellian (thermal) equilibrium, showing enhanced suprathermal tails which are well described by the standard Kappa-distribution (SKD). Despite its successful application, the SKD is frequently disputed due to a series of unphysical implications like diverging velocity moments, preventing a macroscopic description of the plasma. The regularized Kappa-distribution (RKD) has been introduced to overcome these limitations, but the dispersion properties of RKD-plasmas are not explored yet. In the present paper we compute the wavenumber dispersion of the frequency and damping or growth rates for the electromagnetic modes in plasmas characterized by the RKD. This task is accomplished by using the grid-based kinetic dispersion solver LEOPARD developed for arbitrary gyrotropic distributions [P. Astfalk and F. Jenko, J. Geophys. Res. 122, 89 (2017)]. By reproducing previous results obtained for the SKD and Maxwellian, we validate the functionality of the code. Furthermore, we apply the isotropic as well as the anisotropic RKDs to investigate stable electromagnetic electron-cyclotron (EMEC) and ion-cyclotron (EMIC) modes as well as temperature-anisotropy-driven instabilities, both for the case $T_\perp / T_\parallel > 1$ (EMEC and EMIC instabilities) and for the case $T_\perp / T_\parallel < 1$ (proton and electron firehose instabilities), where $\parallel$ and $\perp$ denote directions parallel and perpendicular to the local time-averaged magnetic field. Provided that the cutoff parameter $α$ is small enough, the results show that the RKDs reproduce the dispersion curves of the SKD plasmas at both qualitative and quantitative levels. For higher values, however, physically significant deviation occurs.

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