论文标题
寻找GRMHD模拟中黑洞X射线变异性的根本原因
Looking for the underlying cause of black hole X-ray variability in GRMHD simulations
论文作者
论文摘要
长期观察结果表明,黑洞X射线二进制文件在几毫秒到几秒钟的时间尺度上表现出很强的,可观的变化。观察到的光曲线显示了各种特征特征,例如通量的对数正态分布和线性RMS-flux关系,这表明潜在的可变性过程本质上是随机的。它也被认为是积聚的固有。尽管驱动波动的物理过程仍然令人困惑,但已将这种变异性建模为向内传播质量积聚率的波动。在这项工作中,我们分析了五个非常长的持续时间一般相对论磁性水力动力学(GRMHD)模拟的光学薄,几何厚的黑洞积聚流,以寻找模拟数据中传播波动的提示。我们发现,来自这些模拟的吸积曲线确实显示出向内向内传播波动以下粘性频率下波动的证据,尽管比较较小至较大的半径时,但这些时间滞后通常比粘性的时间尺度尺度和频率独立于较小,但在比较较小的半径时延伸。我们的模拟还支持这样的概念,即$ \ dot {m} $以多种方式堆积的波动,因为模拟表现出线性RMS rms-Mas-Mas-Mas-Mas-Mas-Mas-Mas-Mas-Mas-Mas-Mas-Mas-Mass磁通关系以及其质量通量的对数正态分布。当将模拟中的质量通量与假定的发射率相结合时,我们还发现与观察到的功率谱和时间滞后的广泛一致,包括恢复时间滞后的频率依赖性。
Long-term observations have shown that black hole X-ray binaries exhibit strong, aperiodic variability on time-scales of a few milliseconds to seconds. The observed light curves display various characteristic features like a log-normal distribution of flux and a linear rms-flux relation, which indicate that the underlying variability process is stochastic in nature. It is also thought to be intrinsic to accretion. This variability has been modelled as inward propagating fluctuations of mass accretion rate, although the physical process driving the fluctuations remains puzzling. In this work, we analyse five exceptionally long duration general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of optically thin, geometrically thick, black hole accretion flows to look for hints of propagating fluctuations in the simulation data. We find that the accretion profiles from these simulations do show evidence for inward propagating fluctuations below the viscous frequency by featuring strong radial coherence and positive time lags when comparing smaller to larger radii, although these time lags are generally shorter than the viscous time-scale and frequency independent. Our simulations also support the notion that the fluctuations in $\dot{M}$ build up in a multiplicative manner, as the simulations exhibit linear rms-mass flux relations, as well as log-normal distributions of their mass fluxes. When combining the mass fluxes from the simulations with an assumed emissivity profile, we additionally find broad agreement with observed power spectra and time lags, including a recovery of the frequency dependency of the time lags.