论文标题
基于移动设备传感器的错误分析和不确定性的学生实验
A student experiment on error analysis and uncertainties based on mobile--device sensors
论文作者
论文摘要
科学专业的学生必须处理所有物理测量所固有的错误，并意识到将其表达为最佳估计和一系列不确定性的必要性。错误通常被归类为统计或系统。尽管通常在科学研究的头几年中处理统计错误，但典型的方法是基于执行手动重复观察的。在这里，根据许多移动设备中存在的传感器记录的数据，提出了一组实验室实验，以教授错误和不确定性。所解决的主要方面是平均值和标准偏差的物理含义，以及直方图和分布的解释。其他活动的重点是在不同情况下波动的强度，例如将设备放在桌子上或以不同的方式握在手中，以及以平均值为中心的测量值，以平均值为中心，这是根据标准偏差表示的宽度的函数。作为对每天情况的应用，我们讨论了道路的平稳性或不同位置的照片，以拍摄照片，这两者都根据加速度计注册的波动进行了量化。这种实验有助于深入了解现代技术和统计错误，最后激励和鼓励工程学和科学专业的学生。
Science students must deal with the errors inherent to all physical measurements and be conscious of the necessity to express their as a best estimate and a range of uncertainty. Errors are routinely classified as statistical or systematic. Although statistical errors are usually dealt with in the first years of science studies, the typical approaches are based on performing manually repetitive observations. Here, based on data recorded with the sensors present in many mobile devices a set of laboratory experiments to teach error and uncertainties is proposed. The main aspects addressed are the physical meaning of the mean value and standard deviation, and the interpretation of histograms and distributions. Other activities focus on the intensity of the fluctuations in different situations, such as placing the device on a table or held in the hand in different ways and the number of measurements in an interval centered on the mean value as a function of the width expressed in terms of the standard deviation. As applications to every day situations we discuss the smoothness of a road or the different positions to take photographs both of them quantified in terms of the fluctuations registered by the accelerometer. This kind of experiments contributes to gaining a deep insight into modern technologies and statistical errors and, finally, to motivate and encourage engineering and science students.
