论文标题
引力波和质子衰减：肠道互补的窗户
Gravitational waves and proton decay: complementary windows into GUTs
论文作者
论文摘要
质子衰变是大统一理论（肠道）的吸烟枪签名。 Super-Kamiokande的搜索已导致肠道对称性量表的严格限制。大规模多用途中微子实验沙丘，Hyper-Kamiokande和Juno将发现质子衰减，或者进一步推动对称性量表超过$ 10^{16} $ GEV。胆量的另一个可能的观察结果是在肠道破裂到标准模型量规组中产生的宇宙弦线网络的形成。这种弦乐网络在扩展的宇宙中的演变产生了重力波的随机背景，该背景将通过在较大频率范围内的许多重力波检测器进行测试。我们证明了质子衰减的观察到宇宙弦的观察到$（10）$（10）$ ut破坏链的引力波之间的非平凡互补性。我们表明，这种观察可能会排除$（10）$通过翻转$ su（5）\ times u（1）$或标准$ su（5）$中断，而通过Pati-Salam中间对称性进行突破，或者如果与Proton decay和cosmics cosmic silling相关的能量分离，则可能会受到青睐。我们注意到，Nanograv实验的最新结果已被解释为以$ \ sim 10^{14} $ GEV的规模的宇宙字符串的证据。这将强烈指出胆量的存在，$（10）$是主要候选人。我们表明，与质子衰减中已经可用的约束的组合可以识别到标准模型的首选对称破坏路线。
Proton decay is a smoking gun signature of Grand Unified Theories (GUTs). Searches by Super-Kamiokande have resulted in stringent limits on the GUT symmetry breaking scale. The large-scale multipurpose neutrino experiments DUNE, Hyper-Kamiokande and JUNO will either discover proton decay or further push the symmetry breaking scale above $10^{16}$ GeV. Another possible observational consequence of GUTs is the formation of a cosmic string network produced during the breaking of the GUT to the Standard Model gauge group. The evolution of such a string network in the expanding Universe produces a stochastic background of gravitational waves which will be tested by a number of gravitational wave detectors over a wide frequency range. We demonstrate the non-trivial complementarity between the observation of proton decay and gravitational waves produced from cosmic strings in determining $SO(10)$ GUT breaking chains. We show that such observations could exclude $SO(10)$ breaking via flipped $SU(5)\times U(1)$ or standard $SU(5)$, while breaking via a Pati-Salam intermediate symmetry, or standard $SU(5)\times U(1)$, may be favoured if a large separation of energy scales associated with proton decay and cosmic strings is indicated. We note that recent results by the NANOGrav experiment have been interpreted as evidence for cosmic strings at a scale $\sim 10^{14}$ GeV. This would strongly point towards the existence of GUTs, with $SO(10)$ being the prime candidate. We show that the combination with already available constraints from proton decay allows to identify preferred symmetry breaking routes to the Standard Model.
