论文标题
由光子脉冲驱动的量子光伏细胞
Quantum Photovoltaic Cells Driven by Photon Pulses
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了两个量子系统的量子热力学，一个两级系统和一个四级量子光电池，每一个由光子脉冲作为量子热发动机驱动。我们将这些系统设置为仅与冷储层进行热接触，而通过热热储层给出的热量（能源）源是由一系列光子脉冲提供的。每个系统的动力学受光子脉冲在Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian以及Lindblad Master方程所描述的系统浴相互作用方面，由光子脉冲引起的连贯相互作用控制。我们计算了两级系统和量子光电池的热力学量，包括系统能量的变化，光子脉冲传递的功率，功率输出到外部负载，热量消散到冷浴中以及熵产生。因此，我们证明了冷浴中的量子光电电池如何作为连续量子热发动机运行，并连续使用光子脉冲。我们根据传递的电流和电压与光子脉冲传递的输入功率的输出功率的比率来具体介绍量子光电池的功率效率。我们的研究表明，在非平衡热力学下，由外场驱动的量子系统可以充当有效的量子热发动机。
We investigate the quantum thermodynamics of two quantum systems, a two-level system and a four-level quantum photocell, each driven by photon pulses as a quantum heat engine. We set these systems to be in thermal contact only with a cold reservoir while the heat (energy) source, conventionally given from a hot thermal reservoir, is supplied by a sequence of photon pulses. The dynamics of each system is governed by a coherent interaction due to photon pulses in terms of the Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian together with the system-bath interaction described by the Lindblad master equation. We calculate the thermodynamic quantities for the two-level system and the quantum photocell including the change in system energy, power delivered by photon pulses, power output to an external load, heat dissipated to a cold bath, and entropy production. We thereby demonstrate how a quantum photocell in the cold bath can operate as a continuum quantum heat engine with the sequence of photon pulses continuously applied. We specifically introduce the power efficiency of the quantum photocell in terms of the ratio of output power delivered to an external load with current and voltage to the input power delivered by the photon pulse. Our study indicates a possibility that a quantum system driven by external fields can act as an efficient quantum heat engine under non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
