论文标题

通过直接和罕见事件采样技术在虚张声势上施加的极端机械力的数值研究

Numerical study of extreme mechanical force exerted by a turbulent flow on a bluff body by direct and rare-event sampling techniques

论文作者

Lestang, Thibault, Bouchet, Freddy, Lévêque, Emmanuel

论文摘要

这项研究通过数值模拟研究了构成虚张声势在虚张声势体内的湍流所施加的极端机械力,并检查了两种不同的稀有事实算法的相关性,以有效地采样这些事件。在湍流通道流中放置的方障碍物所经历的阻力(在二维中)被视为代表性案例研究。直接采样表明,极端波动与障碍物近乎近距离的强涡流的存在密切相关。该涡流负责前体和障碍物底部之间的显着压降,从而产生了很高的阻力值。然后考虑两种算法来加快此类流动方案的采样,即AMS和GKTL算法。这些算法背后的总体想法是根据一些特定的规则,替换一组较短的仿真,并通过一组较短的模拟,并根据某些特定的规则,该动态被复制或修剪,旨在更频繁地采样大型振幅事件。这些算法已被证明与统计物理学,计算机科学,生物化学方面的广泛问题有关。本研究是流体结构相互作用问题的首次应用。实际证据表明,超过障碍物的湍流结构的快速扫描时间对罕见事件算法的效率有很大的影响。尽管与直接采样相比,AMS算法并未产生大量的运行时节省,但GKTL算法似乎有效地对时间平均的阻力和估算相关统计数据(例如返回时间)进行了非常有效的极端波动。

This study investigates, by means of numerical simulations, extreme mechanical force exerted by a turbulent flow impinging on a bluff body, and examines the relevance of two distinct rare-event algorithms to efficiently sample these events. The drag experienced by a square obstacle placed in a turbulent channel flow (in two dimensions) is taken as a representative case study. Direct sampling shows that extreme fluctuations are closely related to the presence of a strong vortex blocked in the near wake of the obstacle. This vortex is responsible for a significant pressure drop between the forebody and the base of the obstacle, thus yielding a very high value of the drag. Two algorithms are then considered to speed up the sampling of such flow scenarii, namely the AMS and the GKTL algorithms. The general idea behind these algorithms is to replace a long simulation by a set of much shorter ones, running in parallel, with dynamics that are replicated or pruned, according to some specific rules designed to sample large-amplitude events more frequently. These algorithms have been shown to be relevant for a wide range of problems in statistical physics, computer science, biochemistry. The present study is the first application to a fluid-structure interaction problem. Practical evidence is given that the fast sweeping time of turbulent fluid structures past the obstacle has a strong influence on the efficiency of the rare-event algorithm. While the AMS algorithm does not yield significant run-time savings as compared to direct sampling, the GKTL algorithm appears to be effective to sample very efficiently extreme fluctuations of the time-averaged drag and estimate related statistics such as return times.

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