论文标题
机组人员配对优化与大规模复杂飞行网络的新型专栏一代启发式
A Novel Column Generation Heuristic for Airline Crew Pairing Optimization with Large-scale Complex Flight Networks
论文作者
论文摘要
船员配对优化(CPO)对于航空公司的业务生存能力至关重要,鉴于机组人员的运营成本仅次于燃料成本。 CPO旨在生成一组飞行序列(机组人员配对),以最低成本覆盖所有计划的航班,同时满足几个合法性的约束。最先进的很大程度上依赖于将基础整数编程问题放松为线性编程问题,而线性编程问题又通过列生成(CG)技术解决了。然而,随着航空公司的惊人扩展业务,CPO受到维数的诅咒,使确切的CG实施率过时,并需要基于启发式的CG实施。然而,在文献中,涉及多个{机组基地和/或轮毂和辐条子网络的大规模复杂飞行网络非常普遍,因此在很大程度上仍未被调查。本文提出了一种新颖的CG启发式措施,该启发式使航空公司配对优化器(Aircrop)的内部开发。启发式/飞行器的功效已在现实世界中的,大规模的复杂网络实例上进行了测试,该实例具有超过4200次飞行,15个机组人员和多个轮毂和辐条子网络(导致了数十亿美元以上的配对)。值得注意的是,本文专门关注基于对配对的随机探索的提议的CG启发式(不是整个Aircrop框架)。域知识的开发(在最佳解决方案特征上);并通过归档来利用过去的计算和搜索工作。尽管本文具有航空公司的环境,但提出的CG启发式方法可以通过作为如何利用域知识来更好地解决组合优化问题的模板来找到跨不同领域的更广泛应用。
Crew Pairing Optimization (CPO) is critical for an airlines' business viability, given that the crew operating cost is second only to the fuel cost. CPO aims at generating a set of flight sequences (crew pairings) to cover all scheduled flights, at minimum cost, while satisfying several legality constraints. The state-of-the-art heavily relies on relaxing the underlying Integer Programming Problem into a Linear Programming Problem, which in turn is solved through the Column Generation (CG) technique. However, with the alarmingly expanding airlines' operations, CPO is marred by the curse of dimensionality, rendering the exact CG-implementations obsolete, and necessitating the heuristic-based CG-implementations. Yet, in literature, the much prevalent large-scale complex flight networks involving multiple { crew bases and/or hub-and-spoke sub-networks, largely remain uninvestigated. This paper proposes a novel CG heuristic, which has enabled the in-house development of an Airline Crew Pairing Optimizer (AirCROP). The efficacy of the heuristic/AirCROP has been tested on real-world, large-scale, complex network instances with over 4,200 flights, 15 crew bases, and multiple hub-and-spoke sub-networks (resulting in billion-plus possible pairings). Notably, this paper has a dedicated focus on the proposed CG heuristic (not the entire AirCROP framework) based on balancing random exploration of pairings; exploitation of domain knowledge (on optimal solution features); and utilization of the past computational & search effort through archiving. Though this paper has an airline context, the proposed CG heuristic may find wider applications across different domains, by serving as a template on how to utilize domain knowledge to better tackle combinatorial optimization problems.