论文标题
在湍流超流体$^4 $ He中的微电力振荡器的阻尼：在超低温度方向上量化涡度的新颖探针
Damping of a micro-electromechanical oscillator in turbulent superfluid $^4$He: A novel probe of quantized vorticity in the ultra-low temperature regime
论文作者
论文摘要
我们报告了对量子湍流和量化超氟$^4 $ HE对微电动机电系统（MEMS）谐振运动的量子湍流和量化涡度的影响的全面研究。我们发现MEMS对流体中存在的量子湍流非常敏感。为了在流体中产生湍流，将石英调节叉（TF）放置在靠近MEMS的位置，并以较大的幅度驱动。我们观察到，在低速下，MEMS受到湍流的阻尼，并且高于关键速度，$ v_c \ simeq 5 \，$ mm \，$ mm \，s $^{ - 1} $，湍流的阻尼大大降低了。我们发现，在$ v_c $上方，MEMS的阻尼进一步减少，以提高速度，表明MEMS表面与构成湍流的量化涡度之间的速度依赖性耦合。我们提出了一个模型的流体和MEM表面之间的涡流之间的相互作用模型。这些设备对少数涡旋的敏感性以及MEMS几乎无限的自定义为对量化涡流和振荡结构之间的相互作用的相互作用打开了大门，这又为研究单个涡流的动态提供了新的途径。
We report a comprehensive investigation of the effects of quantum turbulence and quantized vorticity in superfluid $^4$He on the motion of a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) resonator. We find that the MEMS is uniquely sensitive to quantum turbulence present in the fluid. To generate turbulence in the fluid, a quartz tuning fork (TF) is placed in proximity to the MEMS and driven at large amplitude. We observe that at low velocity, the MEMS is damped by the turbulence, and that above a critical velocity, $v_c \simeq 5\,$mm\,s$^{-1}$, the turbulent damping is greatly reduced. We find that above $v_c$, the damping of the MEMS is reduced further for increasing velocity, indicating a velocity dependent coupling between the surface of the MEMS and the quantized vortices constituting the turbulence. We propose a model of the interaction between vortices in the fluid and the surface of the MEMS. The sensitivity of these devices to a small number of vortices and the almost unlimited customization of MEMS open the door to a more complete understanding of the interaction between quantized vortices and oscillating structures, which in turn provides a new route for the investigation of the dynamics of single vortices.
