论文标题
$ E^+e^ - $ E^ - $ Colliders和LHC的$υ（1s，2s，3s）的实验评论
Experimental review of the $Υ(1S,2S,3S)$ physics at $e^+e^-$ colliders and the LHC
论文作者
论文摘要
三个最低的$υ$状态，即$υ（1s）$，$υ（2s）$和$υ（3S）$，由$ b \ bar b $ pairs组成，低于$ b \ bar b $ thelsold，为Hadronic Assics和物理学的研究提供了一个很好的平台。它们可以直接在$ e^+e^ - $碰撞实验中，例如Cleo，Babar和Belle，具有低连续性背景。在这些实验中，对Okubo-Zweig-iizuka抑制了底部部门的衰减的“ 80 \％规则”的独家$υ（1s）$和$υ（2s）$衰减的许多测量结果被阐明了。同时，进行了许多对$υ（1s，2s，3s）$衰减的慈善和底部生产的研究，以区分不同的量子染色体动力学（QCD）模型。此外，在克莱奥（Cleo），巴巴尔（Babar）和百丽（Belle）的$υ（1s，2s，3s）$衰减中，还广泛探索了异国情调的状态和新物理学。 $υ（1s，2s，3s）$状态也可以在$ pp $碰撞和涉及重离子的碰撞中产生。大型强子对撞机（LHC）的横截面和极化的精确度量，尤其是在CMS，ATLA和LHCB实验中，有助于了解$ PP $ Collisions中的$υ$生产机制。在CMS的重离子碰撞中观察到的顺序$υ$抑制对于验证QCD预测的Quark-Gluon等离子体非常重要。在本文中，我们回顾了$ E^+E^ - $ Colliders and the LHC的$υ（1s，2s，3s）$的实验结果，并在Belle II和LHC总结了他们的前景。
The three lowest-lying $Υ$ states, i.e. $Υ(1S)$, $Υ(2S)$, and $Υ(3S)$, composed of $b\bar b$ pairs and below the $B\bar B$ threshold, provide a good platform for the researches of hadronic physics and physics beyond the Standard Model. They can be produced directly in $e^+e^-$ colliding experiments, such as CLEO, Babar, and Belle, with low continuum backgrounds. In these experiments, many measurements of the exclusive $Υ(1S)$ and $Υ(2S)$ decays into light hadrons, which shed light on the "80\% rule" for the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka suppressed decays in the bottomonium sector, were carried out. Meanwhile, many studies of the charmonium and bottomonium productions in $Υ(1S,2S,3S)$ decays were performed, to distinguish different Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) models. Besides, exotic states and new physics were also extensively explored in $Υ(1S,2S,3S)$ decays at CLEO, BaBar, and Belle. The $Υ(1S,2S,3S)$ states can also be produced in $pp$ collisions and in collisions involving heavy ions. The precision measurements of their cross sections and polarizations at the large hadron collider (LHC), especially in the CMS, ATLAS, and LHCb experiments, help to understand $Υ$ production mechanisms in $pp$ collisions. The observation of the sequential $Υ$ suppression in heavy ion collisions at CMS is of great importance for verifying the quark-gluon plasma predicted by QCD. In this article, we review the experimental results on $Υ(1S,2S,3S)$ at $e^+e^-$ colliders and the LHC, and summarize their prospects at Belle II and the LHC.
