论文标题

上下文性与不相容性

Contextuality versus Incompatibility

论文作者

Khrennikov, Andrei

论文摘要

我们的目的是比较量子物理学的基本概念 - 情境与不相容性。必须区分两个不同的上下文概念,{\ it bohr-contextuality}和{\ it bell-contextuality}。后者是通过违反非上下文性(贝尔类型)不平等而在操作上定义的。这种上下文性将与不相容性进行比较。很容易表明,对于量子可观察到的,没有不兼容的情况就不会上下文。}自然问题出现了:没有不兼容的上下文是什么? (什么是“干燥救助”?)通常这是一个非常复杂的问题。我们专注于四个量子可观察物的上下文性。我们表明,在CHSH-SCENARIOS(对于“自然量子可观察到”){\ IT上下文性降低为不兼容。}但是,通常没有不兼容的上下文性可能具有某些物理内容。我们发现了一种数学约束,从不兼容中提取上下文成分。但是,此约束的物理含义尚不清楚。在附录1中,我们基于Bohr的互补原则简要讨论另一种上下文性,该原则被视为{\ it上下文不兼容原则}。 Bohr-contextuality在量子基础中起着至关重要的作用。实际上,不兼容是Bohr-Cosplentuality的结果。最后,我们指出,在物理学之外,例如,在认知心理学和决策中清除了不兼容的钟表性,可以发挥重要作用。

Our aim is to compare the fundamental notions of quantum physics - contextuality vs. incompatibility. One has to distinguish two different notions of contextuality, {\it Bohr-contextuality} and {\it Bell-contextuality}. The latter is defined operationally via violation of noncontextuality (Bell type) inequalities. This sort of contextuality will be compared with incompatibility. It is easy to show that, for quantum observables, there is {\it no contextuality without incompatibility.} The natural question arises: What is contextuality without incompatibility? (What is "dry-residue"?) Generally this is the very complex question. We concentrated on contextuality for four quantum observables. We shown that in the CHSH-scenarios (for "natural quantum observables") {\it contextuality is reduced to incompatibility.} However, generally contextuality without incompatibility may have some physical content. We found a mathematical constraint extracting the contextuality component from incompatibility. However, the physical meaning of this constraint is not clear. In appendix 1, we briefly discuss another sort of contextuality based on the Bohr's complementarity principle which is treated as the {\it contextuality-incompatibility principle}. Bohr-contextuality plays the crucial role in quantum foundations. Incompatibility is, in fact, a consequence of Bohr-contextuality. Finally, we remark that outside of physics, e.g., in cognitive psychology and decision making Bell-contextuality cleaned of incompatibility can play the important role.

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