论文标题
知识模式
Knowledge Patterns
论文作者
论文摘要
本文介绍了一种称为“知识模式”的新技术，用于帮助构建富含公理的，正式的本体论，基于本体论中识别和明确表示知识的重复模式（理论模式），然后在本体论中阐明这些模式如何映射到领域特定概念上。从建模的角度来看，知识模式为形式本体论的结构提供了一个重要的见解：知识模式将其视为术语和公理的列表，而不是将正式的本体论视为术语和公理的列表，而是将其视为抽象，模块化理论的集合（“知识模式”），以及建模决策的集合，表明世界各个方面的模型如何使用这些构建方式进行建模。知识模式使这些抽象的理论及其映射到感兴趣的领域明确，从而使建模决策变得清晰，并避免了一些本体论的混乱。此外，从计算的角度来看，知识模式提供了一种简单且在计算上有效的机制，可促进知识重用。我们描述了使用它们构建的技术和应用程序，然后批评其优势和劣势。我们得出的结论是，这项技术使我们能够更好地阐明构建正式公理丰富的本体论时做出的结构和建模决策。
This paper describes a new technique, called "knowledge patterns", for helping construct axiom-rich, formal ontologies, based on identifying and explicitly representing recurring patterns of knowledge (theory schemata) in the ontology, and then stating how those patterns map onto domain-specific concepts in the ontology. From a modeling perspective, knowledge patterns provide an important insight into the structure of a formal ontology: rather than viewing a formal ontology simply as a list of terms and axioms, knowledge patterns views it as a collection of abstract, modular theories (the "knowledge patterns") plus a collection of modeling decisions stating how different aspects of the world can be modeled using those theories. Knowledge patterns make both those abstract theories and their mappings to the domain of interest explicit, thus making modeling decisions clear, and avoiding some of the ontological confusion that can otherwise arise. In addition, from a computational perspective, knowledge patterns provide a simple and computationally efficient mechanism for facilitating knowledge reuse. We describe the technique and an application built using them, and then critique its strengths and weaknesses. We conclude that this technique enables us to better explicate both the structure and modeling decisions made when constructing a formal axiom-rich ontology.
