论文标题

高分辨率,3D辐射转移建模IV。 NGC 1068中的AGN驱动灰尘加热

High-resolution, 3D radiative transfer modelling IV. AGN-powered dust heating in NGC 1068

论文作者

Viaene, S., Nersesian, A., Fritz, J., Verstocken, S., Baes, M., Bianchi, S., Casasola, V., Cassarà, L., Clark, C., Davies, J., De Looze, I., De Vis, P., Dobbels, W., Galametz, M., Galliano, F., Jones, A., Madden, S., Mosenkov, A., Trcka, A., Xilouris, E. M., Ysard, N.

论文摘要

尘埃发射是整个宇宙中恒星形成和ISM质量的重要诊断,可以由与持续的恒星形成无关的来源提供动力。在Dustpedia项目的框架内,我们已经着手将正在进行的恒星形成的辐射与较老的恒星种群的辐射相关。这是通过面对面螺旋星系的详细的3D辐射转移模拟来完成的。在这项特定研究中,我们专注于NGC 1068,其中包含活性银河核(AGN)。到目前为止,AGN(超越圆环)的弥漫性粉尘加热的影响仅针对类星体进行了研究。这种额外的灰尘加热源进一步污染了经典的星系建模工具依赖于产生物理特性的宽带通量。我们旨在将现实模型拟合到NGC 1068的观察结果,并量化几种粉尘加热源的贡献。我们的模型能够重现银河系的全球光谱能分布。它匹配已解决的光学和红外图像,但在紫外线和submm中偏离。我们发现AGN污染对宽带通量的强烈依赖性。它在mir中达到峰值,落入FIR中,但在submm波长下再次上升。我们量化了每个3D尘埃中的灰尘加热源的贡献,并为恒星形成成分的中位数值为83%。 AGN的贡献在光盘的百分比水平上是可以测量的,但在内部几个100 pc中迅速增加,达到90%以上。这是Agn加热弥漫性灰尘超出其圆环的现象,以附近的星形星系进行量化。 NGC 1068仅包含一个弱的AGN,这意味着这种效果在具有更发光的AGN的星系中可能更强。这可能会严重影响此类系统的衍生恒星形成率和ISM质量。

Dust emission, an important diagnostic of star formation and ISM mass throughout the Universe, can be powered by sources unrelated to ongoing star formation. In the framework of the DustPedia project we have set out to disentangle the radiation of the ongoing star formation from that of the older stellar populations. This is done through detailed, 3D radiative transfer simulations of face-on spiral galaxies. In this particular study, we focus on NGC 1068, which contains an active galactic nucleus (AGN). The effect of diffuse dust heating by AGN (beyond the torus) was so far only investigated for quasars. This additional dust heating source further contaminates the broadband fluxes on which classic galaxy modelling tools rely to derive physical properties. We aim to fit a realistic model to the observations of NGC 1068 and quantify the contribution of the several dust heating sources. Our model is able to reproduce the global spectral energy distribution of the galaxy. It matches the resolved optical and infrared images fairly well, but deviates in the UV and the submm. We find a strong wavelength dependency of AGN contamination to the broadband fluxes. It peaks in the MIR, drops in the FIR, but rises again at submm wavelengths. We quantify the contribution of the dust heating sources in each 3D dust cell and find a median value of 83% for the star formation component. The AGN contribution is measurable at the percentage level in the disc, but quickly increases in the inner few 100 pc, peaking above 90%. This is the first time the phenomenon of an AGN heating the diffuse dust beyond its torus is quantified in a nearby star-forming galaxy. NGC 1068 only contains a weak AGN, meaning this effect can be stronger in galaxies with a more luminous AGN. This could significantly impact the derived star formation rates and ISM masses for such systems.

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