论文标题

Authsc:请注意网络和智能合约之间的差距

AuthSC: Mind the Gap between Web and Smart Contracts

论文作者

Gallersdörfer, Ulrich, Matthes, Florian

论文摘要

尽管几乎所有有关智能合约地址的信息都是通过网站,电子邮件或其他形式的数字通信共享的,但是区块链和分布式分类帐技术无法在网站和相应的智能合约之间建立安全的绑定。对于用户而言,不可能区分网站是链接到企业所有者建立的合法智能合约还是旨在窃取用户资金的非法合同。令人惊讶的是,目前试图解决此问题的尝试主要包括信息冗余,例如,以不同形式的图像和文本显示合同地址多次。这些过程很繁重,因为用户负责验证地址的正确性。更重要的是,它们没有解决核心问题,因为合同本身不包含有关其真实性的信息。为了解决这些应用程序的当前问题并提高安全性,我们提出了一种解决方案,以促进公开发行的完全合格的域名(FQDN)的SSL/TLS认证,以确保智能合约及其所有者的真实性。我们的方法结合了利用各自证书的签名以及存储在区块链上的智能合约的链接身份验证的链接身份主张。这种方法允许解决上述问题,并进一步启用应用程序,例如在许可网络中对财团成员的识别。该系统是开放且透明的,因为使用的唯一要求是SSL/TLS-CETIFICATE的所有权。为了启用隐私验证的智能合约,我们允许在网站和合同之间进行单向和双向绑定。此外,创建和维护成本较低,广泛接受的公钥基础架构和用户授权将推动以太坊身份验证的智能合约(AUTHSC)的潜在适应。

Although almost all information about Smart Contract addresses is shared via websites, emails, or other forms of digital communication, Blockchains and distributed ledger technology are unable to establish secure bindings between websites and corresponding Smart Contracts. For a user, it is impossible to differentiate whether a website links to a legitimate Smart Contract set up by owners of a business or to an illicit contract aiming to steal users' funds. Surprisingly, current attempts to solve this issue mostly comprise of information redundancy, e.g., displaying contract addresses multiple times in varying forms of images and texts. These processes are burdensome, as the user is responsible for verifying the correctness of an address. More importantly, they do not address the core issue, as the contract itself does not contain information about its authenticity. To solve current issues for these applications and increase security, we propose a solution that facilitates publicly issued SSL/TLS-certificates of Fully-Qualified Domain Names (FQDN) to ensure the authenticity of Smart Contracts and their owners. Our approach combines on-chain identity assertion utilizing signatures from the respective certificate and off-chain authentication of the Smart Contract stored on the Blockchain. This approach allows to tackle the aforementioned issue and further enables applications such as the identification of consortia members in permissioned networks. The system is open and transparent, as the only requirement for usage is ownership of an SSL/TLS-certificate. To enable privacy-preserving authenticated Smart Contracts, we allow one-way and two-way binding between website and contract. Further, low creation and maintenance costs, a widely accepted public key infrastructure and user empowerment will drive potential adaption of Ethereum Authenticated Smart Contracts (AuthSC).

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