论文标题

简单的先生模型中的限制策略

Confinement strategies in a simple SIR model

论文作者

Nakamura, G., Grammaticos, B., Badoual, M.

论文摘要

我们提出了一个简单的SIR模型,以研究各种禁闭策略对最有毒的流行病的影响。我们的方法是由当前的19日大流行激励。主要的假设是存在两个易感人群的人群,一个人服从监禁,感染率不超过1,而不适合各种要求的人群可能会更具感染力。该模型最初以特定过程为基础,最初以差异系统的形式提出,该模型是离散系统作为差分差的积分器的离散系统。我们的模型经过校准,以便与COVID-19中观察到的流行相对应。 尽管我们的模型非常简单,但仍可以得出几个结论。首先,不可能通过仅分析从何时全面展开的数据来查明流行病的发生。事实证明,这种流行病在世界上几个月中已经达到了很大的一部分。关于限制场景,我们所有模拟的普遍特征是放松锁定约束会导致流行病的重新燃烧。因此,我们寻求第二个流行峰值低于第一个流行峰的条件。在所有考虑的情况(突然,渐进式或逐步退出)中,这是可能的,但通常比突然的退出可以提前启动。但是,到渐进式出口完成时,总体禁闭时间并没有太大差异。从我们的结果来看,最有希望的策略是逐步退出的策略。实际上,它的实施可能是非常可行的,而主要人口(减去脆弱的群体)同时退出但要遵守严格的距离约束。

We propose a simple SIR model in order to investigate the impact of various confinement strategies on a most virulent epidemic. Our approach is motivated by the current COVID-19 pandemic. The main hypothesis is the existence of two populations of susceptible persons, one which obeys confinement and for which the infection rate does not exceed 1, and a population which, being non confined for various imperatives, can be substantially more infective. The model, initially formulated as a differential system, is discretised following a specific procedure, the discrete system serving as an integrator for the differential one. Our model is calibrated so as to correspond to what is observed in the COVID-19 epidemic. Several conclusions can be reached, despite the very simple structure of our model. First, it is not possible to pinpoint the genesis of the epidemic by just analysing data from when the epidemic is in full swing. It may well turn out that the epidemic has reached a sizeable part of the world months before it became noticeable. Concerning the confinement scenarios, a universal feature of all our simulations is that relaxing the lockdown constraints leads to a rekindling of the epidemic. Thus we sought the conditions for the second epidemic peak to be lower than the first one. This is possible in all the scenarios considered (abrupt, progressive or stepwise exit) but typically a progressive exit can start earlier than an abrupt one. However, by the time the progressive exit is complete, the overall confinement times are not too different. From our results, the most promising strategy is that of a stepwise exit. And in fact its implementation could be quite feasible, with the major part of the population (minus the fragile groups) exiting simultaneously but obeying rigorous distancing constraints.

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