论文标题
约翰·冯·诺伊曼（John von Neumann）的未发表的手稿在爆炸中的冲击波中
An Unpublished Manuscript of John von Neumann on Shock Waves in Boostered Detonations
论文作者
论文摘要
我们报告了约翰·冯·诺伊曼（John von Neumann）的未发表和以前未知的手稿，并在19世纪和20世纪的冲击波和爆发理论的发展中进行了背景化。冯·诺伊曼（Von Neumann）研究炸弹，包括主要的爆炸电荷以及爆炸性助推器材料。他的目标是计算产生可持续爆炸所需的最小助推器数量，这大概是因为助推器材料通常更昂贵，更波动。为了实现这一目标，他制定并分析了基于部分微分方程的模型，该模型描述了在引爆和未进行的材料界面处的移动冲击波。我们提供了冯·诺伊曼（Von Neumann）作品的完整转录，并提供自己的随附的解释和分析，包括在计算中纠正两个小错误。如今，通常使用实验结果和爆炸性形状和材料的数值模拟的组合对爆炸进行建模，因为复杂的爆炸的复杂三维动力学在分析上是可靠的。尽管冯·诺伊曼（Von Neumann）的手稿不会彻底改变我们对爆炸的现代理解，但该文件是第二次世界大战期间和之后流体动力学研究状况的宝贵历史记录。
We report on an unpublished and previously unknown manuscript of John von Neumann and contextualize it within the development of the theory of shock waves and detonations during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Von Neumann studies bombs comprising a primary explosive charge along with explosive booster material. His goal is to calculate the minimal amount of booster needed to create a sustainable detonation, presumably because booster material is often more expensive and more volatile. In service of this goal, he formulates and analyzes a partial differential equation based model describing a moving shock wave at the interface of detonated and undetonated material. We provide a complete transcription of von Neumann's work and give our own accompanying explanations and analyses, including the correction of two small errors in his calculations. Today, detonations are typically modeled using a combination of experimental results and numerical simulations particular to the shape and materials of the explosive, as the complex three dimensional dynamics of detonations are analytically intractable. Although von Neumann's manuscript will not revolutionize our modern understanding of detonations, the document is a valuable historical record of the state of hydrodynamics research during and after World War II.
