论文标题
通过延迟在时间图中优化可及性集
Optimizing Reachability Sets in Temporal Graphs by Delaying
论文作者
论文摘要
时间图是一个动态图,其中每个边缘都分配了一组整数时间标签,该标签指示在哪个离散时间步长的边缘可用。在本文中,我们研究了时间标签的变化如何对应于边缘的可用性延迟,影响给定来源的可及性集。有关可及性集的问题是由时间图在网络流行病学中的众多应用所激发的,该问题旨在最大程度地减少感染的传播,并在制造业中的供应网络中调度问题,其目标是最大化覆盖范围和生产率的相反目标。我们介绍了基于两个自然延迟操作的可及性集的控制机制。第一个操作称为合并,是全局的,并将连续的时间标签共同将整个时间标签同时标记为一个单个时间标签。这对应于将所有事件推迟到特定时间。第二个,在图形的每个边缘的时间标签上施加独立延迟。我们对使用这些操作时与可达性集有关的不同目标的计算复杂性进行了详尽的研究。对于合并操作,即全局锁定效果,我们证明了几种最小化和最大化可及性目标的NP硬度结果,即使对于非常简单的图形结构也是如此。对于第二个操作,独立延迟,我们证明当允许延迟的数量有限时,最小化问题是NP-HARD。我们使用多项式时间算法对此进行补充,以最大程度地减少无限延迟的可及性。
A temporal graph is a dynamic graph where every edge is assigned a set of integer time labels that indicate at which discrete time step the edge is available. In this paper, we study how changes of the time labels, corresponding to delays on the availability of the edges, affect the reachability sets from given sources. The questions about reachability sets are motivated by numerous applications of temporal graphs in network epidemiology, which aim to minimise the spread of infection, and scheduling problems in supply networks in manufacturing with the opposite objectives of maximising coverage and productivity. We introduce control mechanisms for reachability sets that are based on two natural operations of delaying. The first operation, termed merging, is global and batches together consecutive time labels into a single time label in the whole network simultaneously. This corresponds to postponing all events until a particular time. The second, imposes independent delays on the time labels of every edge of the graph. We provide a thorough investigation of the computational complexity of different objectives related to reachability sets when these operations are used. For the merging operation, i.e. global lockdown effect, we prove NP-hardness results for several minimization and maximization reachability objectives, even for very simple graph structures. For the second operation, independent delays, we prove that the minimization problems are NP-hard when the number of allowed delays is bounded. We complement this with a polynomial-time algorithm for minimising the reachability set in case of unbounded delays.