论文标题

控制和轨迹优化用于软空中操纵

Control and Trajectory Optimization for Soft Aerial Manipulation

论文作者

Fishman, Joshua, Carlone, Luca

论文摘要

目前,无人驾驶汽车(UAV)的操纵和抓握需要准确的定位,并且通常以降低速度执行以确保成功的掌握。这是由于一个事实,即典型的无人机只能容纳几乎没有自由度的刚性操纵器,这限制了其能力来补偿由车辆定位错误造成的干扰。此外,无人机必须最大程度地减少外部接触力,以保持稳定性。另一方面,生物系统利用柔软度来克服类似的局限性,并利用依从性来实现积极的抓握。本文研究了针对柔软的空中操纵器的控制和轨迹优化,该操作器由四极管和肌腱驱动的软握把组成,其中可以完全利用柔软度的优势。据我们所知,这是软操作和无人机控制之间交集的第一部作品。我们提出了针对四轨和软抓手的脱钩方法,将(i)的几何控制器和针对四极管(刚性)底座的最小SNAP轨迹优化与(ii)用于软握把的准静态有限元元件模型和控制空间插值。我们证明,尽管增加了软负载,但几何控制器渐近地稳定了四速度和态度。最后,我们在现实的软动力学模拟器中评估了所提出的系统,并表明:(i)几何控制器对软有效载荷不敏感,(ii)平台仍可以可靠地掌握未知的对象,尽管定位和初始条件不正确,并且(iii)脱离的控制器对于实时执行了脱离的控制器。

Manipulation and grasping with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) currently require accurate positioning and are often executed at reduced speed to ensure successful grasps. This is due to the fact that typical UAVs can only accommodate rigid manipulators with few degrees of freedom, which limits their capability to compensate for disturbances caused by the vehicle positioning errors. Moreover, UAVs have to minimize external contact forces in order to maintain stability. Biological systems, on the other hand, exploit softness to overcome similar limitations, and leverage compliance to enable aggressive grasping. This paper investigates control and trajectory optimization for a soft aerial manipulator, consisting of a quadrotor and a tendon-actuated soft gripper, in which the advantages of softness can be fully exploited. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work at the intersection between soft manipulation and UAV control. We present a decoupled approach for the quadrotor and the soft gripper, combining (i) a geometric controller and a minimum-snap trajectory optimization for the quadrotor (rigid) base, with (ii) a quasi-static finite element model and control-space interpolation for the soft gripper. We prove that the geometric controller asymptotically stabilizes the quadrotor velocity and attitude despite the addition of the soft load. Finally, we evaluate the proposed system in a realistic soft dynamics simulator, and show that: (i) the geometric controller is fairly insensitive to the soft payload, (ii) the platform can reliably grasp unknown objects despite inaccurate positioning and initial conditions, and (iii) the decoupled controller is amenable for real-time execution.

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