论文标题
偶数和奇数太阳周期的形状和时间演变的比较
Comparison of the shape and temporal evolution of even and odd solar cycles
论文作者
论文摘要
结果。 PCA证实了从周期开始时约40％的太阳周期的Gnevyshev差距（GG）的存在。偶数周期的黑子区域数据的时间演变表明，对于所有尺寸的黑子，GG至少存在于95％的置信度。另一方面，对于空中黑子数据的奇数周期，GG在统计学上较短且统计上无关。此外，SC12-SC23的黑子区域大小的分析表明，最大的差异在4。2 - 4.6年，即使循环的总面积远小于奇数周期。在此时间间隔内，偶数周期的单个黑子的平均面积也较小。时间进化的统计分析表明，北部黑子组比南部的循环最大化，但对于奇数循环而言是同时发生的。此外，奇数循环的时间分布比偶数循环的分布略多。偏度分别为0.37和0.49，对于均匀和奇数循环的kurtsiss分别为2.79和2.94。偶数循环的偏度和峰度之间的相关系数为0.69，对于奇数循环，为0.90。结论。偶数和奇数太阳生周期的单独的PCAS表明，奇数比偶数循环更不均匀，尤其是在GSN数据中。但是，即使是循环也有两个异常循环：SC4和SC6。根据对黑子区域大小数据的分析，GG在甚至奇数周期中都更明显。我们还提出了另一个waldmeier型规则，也就是说，我们发现偏度与黑子组循环的峰度之间存在相关性。
Results. The PCA confirms the existence of the Gnevyshev gap (GG) for solar cycles at about 40% from the start of the cycle. The temporal evolution of sunspot area data for even cycles shows that the GG exists at least at the 95% confidence level for all sizes of sunspots. On the other hand, the GG is shorter and statistically insignificant for the odd cycles of aerial sunspot data. Furthermore, the analysis of sunspot area sizes for even and odd cycles of SC12-SC23 shows that the greatest difference is at 4.2-4.6 years, where even cycles have a far smaller total area than odd cycles. The average area of the individual sunspots of even cycles is also smaller in this interval. The statistical analysis of the temporal evolution shows that northern sunspot groups maximise earlier than southern groups for even cycles, but are concurrent for odd cycles. Furthermore, the temporal distributions of odd cycles are slightly more leptokurtic than distributions of even cycles. The skewnesses are 0.37 and 0.49 and the kurtoses 2.79 and 2.94 for even and odd cycles, respectively. The correlation coefficient between skewness and kurtosis for even cycles is 0.69, and for odd cycles, it is 0.90. Conclusions. The separate PCAs for even and odd sunspot cycles show that odd cycles are more inhomogeneous than even cycles, especially in GSN data. Even cycles, however, have two anomalous cycles: SC4 and SC6. According to the analysis of the sunspot area size data, the GG is more distinct in even than odd cycles. We also present another Waldmeier-type rule, that is, we find a correlation between skewness and kurtosis of the sunspot group cycles.
