论文标题
关键危机知识产权：COVID-19的发现大流行
Crisis-Critical Intellectual Property: Findings from the COVID-19 Pandemic
论文作者
论文摘要
在国家和国际创新系统中，大流行呼吁许多行为者在各个部门采取大规模行动，以有效地动员资源，开发和制造关键危机产品（CC产品），并以大量数量的方式动员。如今，这还包括从复杂的流行病学模型AI到打开预防，诊断和治疗的数据平台的数字创新。在大流行，创新和制造利益相关者的许多挑战中，他们发现自己参与了新的关系，并且很可能面临与知识产权（IP）相关的挑战。本文对COVID-19的大流行采用了IP观点，以识别与大流行有关的IP注意事项和IP挑战。重点是与研究，开发和紧急提高生产CC产品的能力相关的挑战，突然突然在需求中。它的目的是为避免IP挑战的转向提供结构，以避免与大流行作斗争。 We identify 4 stakeholder groups concerned with IP challenges: (i) governments, (ii) organisations owning existing Crisis-Critical IP, described as incumbents in Crisis-Critical Sectors (CC-Sectors), (iii) manufacturing firms from other sectors normally not producing CC-Products suddenly rushing into CC-Sectors to support the manufacturing of CC-Products (new entrants), and (iv) voluntary大流行期间形成的基层倡议。本文讨论了与（i）预防技术和产品的开发和制造有关的IP挑战，（ii）诊断受感染患者的诊断以及（iii）治疗的发展。我们对潜在的响应措施进行了初步讨论，以减少大流行期间工业利益相关者的相关风险。
Within national and international innovation systems a pandemic calls for large-scale action by many actors across sectors, to mobilise resources, developing and manufacturing Crisis-Critical Products (CC-Products) efficiently and in the huge quantities needed. Nowadays, this also includes digital innovations from complex epidemiological models, AI, to open data platforms for prevention, diagnostic and treatment. Amongst the many challenges during a pandemic, innovation and manufacturing stakeholders find themselves engaged in new relationships, and are likely to face intellectual property (IP) related challenges. This paper adopts an IP perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic to identify pandemic related IP considerations and IP challenges. The focus is on challenges related to research, development and urgent upscaling of capacity to manufacture CC-Products in the huge volumes suddenly in demand. Its purpose is to provide a structure for steering clear of IP challenges to avoid delays in fighting a pandemic. We identify 4 stakeholder groups concerned with IP challenges: (i) governments, (ii) organisations owning existing Crisis-Critical IP, described as incumbents in Crisis-Critical Sectors (CC-Sectors), (iii) manufacturing firms from other sectors normally not producing CC-Products suddenly rushing into CC-Sectors to support the manufacturing of CC-Products (new entrants), and (iv) voluntary grassroot initiatives that are formed during a pandemic. This paper discusses IP challenges related to the development and manufacturing of technologies and products for (i) prevention (of spread), (ii) diagnosis of infected patients and (iii) the development of treatments. We offer an initial discussion of potential response measures to reduce IP associated risks among industrial stakeholders during a pandemic.
