论文标题

Apogee的NLTE:同时进行多元素NLTE辐射转移

NLTE for APOGEE: Simultaneous Multi-Element NLTE Radiative Transfer

论文作者

Osorio, Yeisson, Allende-Prieto, Carlos, Hubeny, Ivan, Meszaros, Szabolcs, Shetrone, Matthew

论文摘要

新版本的Tlusty允许使用预计算的不透明度表来计算酷星中的限制性NLTE。我们证明,Tlusty用酷星中的NLTE进行了多个测试的代码提供一致的结果。我们使用TLUSTY执行LTE和一系列NA,Mg,K和Ca的NLTE计算,并使用1、2、3的所有组合以及上面在NLTE中同时提到的4个元素。在这项工作中,我们考虑了一个因素的出发,如何通过NLTE引起的不透明性来影响他人。我们发现,具有强大的UV不透明度的原子MG显示出与低能量状态的LTE的出发,可能会影响CA的NLTE种群,从而导致大量校正较大,高达0.07 DEX。单元素和多元素案例之间的衍生丰度差异可以超过单元素NLTE和LTE分析之间的差异,警告说这并不总是二阶效应。通过对具有可靠大气参数(Arcturus,Procyon和The Sun)的三颗恒星的详细测试,我们得出的结论是,我们的NLTE计算在光学上提供了丰度的校正,可为Ca,Na和k提供0.1、0.2和0.7 DEX,但LTE是MG的良好近似值。在H波段中,NLTE校正要小得多,在0.1 DEX以下。光学和IR中的派生的NLTE丰度是一致的。对于所有四个元素,在所有三个恒星中,NLTE线曲线比LTE对应物更适合观测值。对于过度离世是重要的NLTE机制的元素,可能会受到MG中LTE的偏离影响。在计算H波段中线的NLTE概况时,必须特别注意高5上层水平的碰撞。光波段和H波段中的衍生NLTE校正不同,但是两个光谱区域之间衍生的NLTE丰度是一致的。

The new version of TLUSTY allows for the calculation of restricted NLTE in cool stars using pre-calculated opacity tables. We demonstrate that TLUSTY gives consistent results with MULTI, a well-tested code for NLTE in cool stars. We use TLUSTY to perform LTE and a series of NLTE calculations of Na, Mg, K and Ca using all combinations of 1, 2, 3 and the 4 elements mentioned above simultaneously in NLTE. In this work we take into account how departures from LTE in one element can affect others through changes in the opacities due to NLTE. We find that atomic Mg, which provides strong UV opacity, and shows departures from LTE in the low-energy states, can impact the NLTE populations of Ca, leading to abundance corrections as large as 0.07 dex. The differences in the derived abundances between the single-element and the multi-element cases can exceed those between the single-element NLTE and an LTE analysis, warning that this is not always a second-order effect. By means of detailed tests for three stars with reliable atmospheric parameters (Arcturus, Procyon and the Sun) we conclude that our NLTE calculations provide abundance corrections in the optical up to 0.1, 0.2 and 0.7 dex for Ca, Na and K, but LTE is a good approximation for Mg. In the H-band, NLTE corrections are much smaller, under 0.1 dex. The derived NLTE abundances in the optical and in the IR are consistent. For all four elements, in all three stars, NLTE line profiles fit better the observations than the LTE counterparts. For elements where over-ionisation is an important NLTE mechanism are likely affected by departures from LTE in Mg . Special care must be taken with the collisions adopted for high-lying levels when calculating NLTE profiles of lines in the H-band. The derived NLTE corrections in the optical and in the H-band differ, but the derived NLTE abundances are consistent between the two spectral regions.

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