论文标题

跟踪无形:保护隐私的联系跟踪以控制病毒的传播

Tracking the Invisible: Privacy-Preserving Contact Tracing to Control the Spread of a Virus

论文作者

Demirag, Didem, Ayday, Erman

论文摘要

如今,跟踪和控制病毒的传播是几乎所有国家的关键需求。尽早这样做可以节省数百万的生命,并帮助国家保持稳定的经济。控制病毒传播的最简单方法是立即通知最近与被诊断的患者密切接触的人。但是,为了实现这一目标,集中权威(例如,卫生当局)需要健康的人和被诊断的患者的详细位置信息。因此,这种方法虽然有助于控制病毒的传播,但会引起严重的隐私问题,因此需要隐私的解决方案来解决此问题。先前关于此主题的工作要么(i)妥协隐私(尤其是被诊断患者的隐私)具有更好的效率,要么(ii)提供了难以易于的解决方案。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种基于私人集体相交的技术(使用智能手机记录)与集中式数据库(由卫生机构运行)之间的技术,该技术可以使疾病的阳性诊断患者的身份保持。拟议的解决方案保护了健康个体和被诊断患者的位置隐私,并确保诊断患者的身份仍然对其他人隐藏。值得注意的是,拟议的计划允许个人接收警告消息,表明他们与正面诊断患者的接触。这样的警告信息将有助于他们实现风险,并将自己与他人隔离开来。我们确保只有相应的个人而不是卫生当局观察到警告信息。我们还实施了建议的方案,并通过模拟显示了其效率和可伸缩性。

Today, tracking and controlling the spread of a virus is a crucial need for almost all countries. Doing this early would save millions of lives and help countries keep a stable economy. The easiest way to control the spread of a virus is to immediately inform the individuals who recently had close contact with the diagnosed patients. However, to achieve this, a centralized authority (e.g., a health authority) needs detailed location information from both healthy individuals and diagnosed patients. Thus, such an approach, although beneficial to control the spread of a virus, results in serious privacy concerns, and hence privacy-preserving solutions are required to solve this problem. Previous works on this topic either (i) compromise privacy (especially privacy of diagnosed patients) to have better efficiency or (ii) provide unscalable solutions. In this work, we propose a technique based on private set intersection between physical contact histories of individuals (that are recorded using smart phones) and a centralized database (run by a health authority) that keeps the identities of the positive diagnosed patients for the disease. Proposed solution protects the location privacy of both healthy individuals and diagnosed patients and it guarantees that the identities of the diagnosed patients remain hidden from other individuals. Notably, proposed scheme allows individuals to receive warning messages indicating their previous contacts with a positive diagnosed patient. Such warning messages will help them realize the risk and isolate themselves from other people. We make sure that the warning messages are only observed by the corresponding individuals and not by the health authority. We also implement the proposed scheme and show its efficiency and scalability via simulations.

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