论文标题
惩罚叛逃者和奖励合作者：人们会歧视性别吗？
Punishing defectors and rewarding cooperators: Do people discriminate between genders?
论文作者
论文摘要
人们可以选择惩罚叛逃者或奖励合作者时，会区分男性和女人吗？在这里，我们报告了四个预先注册的实验，这些实验揭示了这个问题。研究1（n = 544）表明，当人们可以选择以第三方惩罚/奖励的方式惩罚（奖励）叛逃者（合作者）时，人们不会区分性别。研究2（n = 253）将研究1扩展到一种不同的惩罚/奖励方法：要求参与者以1至5星的量表对叛逃者/合作者的行为进行评分。在这种情况下，我们也发现人们不会区分性别。研究3A（n = 331）和研究3b（n = 310）在概念上复制研究2，其性别操纵略有不同。这些后一项研究表明，在他们对叛逃者/合作者伴侣的性别没有具体信念的情况下，男人和女人都没有区分性别。
Do people discriminate between men and women when they have the option to punish defectors or reward cooperators? Here we report on four pre-registered experiments, that shed some light on this question. Study 1 (N=544) shows that people do not discriminate between genders when they have the option to punish (reward) defectors (cooperators) in a one-shot prisoner's dilemma with third-party punishment/reward. Study 2 (N=253) extends Study 1 to a different method of punishing/rewarding: participants are asked to rate the behaviour of a defector/cooperator on a scale of 1 to 5 stars. In this case too, we find that people do not discriminate between genders. Study 3a (N=331) and Study 3b (N=310) conceptually replicate Study 2 with a slightly different gender manipulation. These latter studies show that, in situations where they do not have specific beliefs about the gender of the defector/cooperator's partner, neither men nor women discriminate between genders.
