论文标题
时间缓慢的尺度在致密的振动化颗粒材料中
Slow time scales in a dense vibrofluidized granular material
论文作者
论文摘要
由于不可用的一般显微镜至宏观的方法,因此很难在非保守系统中建模集体运动,例如颗粒状材料:没有哈密顿量,在相空间中没有已知的固定密度,也不是一组相关的相关变量集。现象学粗粒模型是一个很好的替代方法,前提是人们已经确定了一些缓慢的可观察结果并为其动力学收集了足够数量的数据。在这里,我们研究了振动荧光致密颗粒材料的情况。分散到媒体的示踪剂的实验研究显示了许多时间尺度的证据:快速弹道,中间笼子,慢速超级延伸,散射缓慢。一项数值研究表明,示踪剂的超截止与颗粒介质的旋转漂移缓慢有关。在这里,我们对颗粒介质的缓慢尺度提供了更深入的了解,并为这种“世俗”动力学提出了一种新的现象学模型。基于颗粒介质的模型,我们还引入了示踪剂(快速和慢)动力学的模型,该模型由三个耦合变量的随机方程式组成,因此比以前的模型更精致和成功。
Modeling collective motion in non-conservative systems, such as granular materials, is difficult since a general microscopic-to-macroscopic approach is not available: there is no Hamiltonian, no known stationary densities in phase space, not a known small set of relevant variables. Phenomenological coarse-grained models are a good alternative, provided that one has identified a few slow observables and collected a sufficient amount of data for their dynamics. Here we study the case of a vibrofluidized dense granular material. The experimental study of a tracer, dispersed into the media, showed the evidence of many time scales: fast ballistic, intermediate caged, slow superdiffusive, very slow diffusive. A numerical investigation has demonstrated that tracer's superdiffusion is related to slow rotating drifts of the granular medium. Here we offer a deeper insight into the slow scales of the granular medium, and propose a new phenomenological model for such a "secular" dynamics. Based upon the model for the granular medium, we also introduce a model for the tracer (fast and slow) dynamics, which consists in a stochastic system of equations for three coupled variables, and is therefore more refined and successful than previous models.