论文标题
适用于少数图形分类的自适应步骤元学习器
Adaptive-Step Graph Meta-Learner for Few-Shot Graph Classification
论文作者
论文摘要
图形分类旨在从图形结构化数据中提取准确的信息进行分类,并且在图形学习社区中变得越来越重要。尽管图形神经网络(GNN)已成功应用于图形分类任务,但其中大多数忽略了许多应用程序中标记的图形数据的稀缺性。例如,在生物信息学中,获得蛋白质图标签通常需要费力的实验。最近,仅探索了几个射击学习来减轻这个问题,只给出了一些标记的测试类别样本。培训课程和测试类之间的共享子结构在几个图形分类中至关重要。退出方法假设测试类属于从培训类中聚集的同一组超级类。但是,根据我们的观察,培训课程和测试课程的标签空间通常不会在现实世界中重叠。结果,现有方法无法很好地捕获看不见的测试类的本地结构。为了克服限制,在本文中,我们提出了一种直接的方法,以在几个适应步骤中捕获具有良好初始化的元学习者的子结构。更具体地说,(1)我们提出了一个由图元学习者组成的新型框架,该框架使用基于GNNS的模块来快速适应图数据,以及用于元学习者鲁棒性和概括的阶梯控制器; (2)我们为框架提供了定量分析,并根据我们的框架给出了概括误差的图依赖性上限; (3)现实世界数据集上的广泛实验表明,与基线相比,我们的框架在几个少数图形分类任务上获得了最先进的结果。
Graph classification aims to extract accurate information from graph-structured data for classification and is becoming more and more important in graph learning community. Although Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been successfully applied to graph classification tasks, most of them overlook the scarcity of labeled graph data in many applications. For example, in bioinformatics, obtaining protein graph labels usually needs laborious experiments. Recently, few-shot learning has been explored to alleviate this problem with only given a few labeled graph samples of test classes. The shared sub-structures between training classes and test classes are essential in few-shot graph classification. Exiting methods assume that the test classes belong to the same set of super-classes clustered from training classes. However, according to our observations, the label spaces of training classes and test classes usually do not overlap in real-world scenario. As a result, the existing methods don't well capture the local structures of unseen test classes. To overcome the limitation, in this paper, we propose a direct method to capture the sub-structures with well initialized meta-learner within a few adaptation steps. More specifically, (1) we propose a novel framework consisting of a graph meta-learner, which uses GNNs based modules for fast adaptation on graph data, and a step controller for the robustness and generalization of meta-learner; (2) we provide quantitative analysis for the framework and give a graph-dependent upper bound of the generalization error based on our framework; (3) the extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that our framework gets state-of-the-art results on several few-shot graph classification tasks compared to baselines.