论文标题
电磁学的Wigner-Smith时间延迟矩阵：理论与现象学
Wigner-Smith Time Delay Matrix for Electromagnetics: Theory and Phenomenology
论文作者
论文摘要
Wigner-Smith（WS）时间延迟概念已在量子力学中广泛使用，以表征粒子与潜在孔相互作用所经历的延迟。本文正式将WS时间延迟理论扩展到Maxwell的方程式，并探讨其在电磁学中的潜在应用。 WS时间延迟矩阵将无损和倒数系统的散射矩阵与其频率导数联系起来，并允许在与系统交互时构建经历定义明确的组延迟的模式。用于引导，散射和辐射系统的矩阵的条目是电气和/或磁场的能量样重叠积分，这些积分在系统通过其端口激发时会产生。 WS时间延迟矩阵在电磁学中有许多应用，包括在多端子系统中的组延迟表征，在基本散射过程中对电磁场的描述以及磁场的频率敏感性和多种天线障碍矩阵的表征。
Wigner-Smith (WS) time delay concepts have been used extensively in quantum mechanics to characterize delays experienced by particles interacting with a potential well. This paper formally extends WS time delay theory to Maxwell's equations and explores its potential applications in electromagnetics. The WS time delay matrix relates a lossless and reciprocal system's scattering matrix to its frequency derivative and allows for the construction of modes that experience well-defined group delays when interacting with the system. The matrix' entries for guiding, scattering, and radiating systems are energy-like overlap integrals of the electric and/or magnetic fields that arise upon excitation of the system via its ports. The WS time delay matrix has numerous applications in electromagnetics, including the characterization of group delays in multiport systems, the description of electromagnetic fields in terms of elementary scattering processes, and the characterization of frequency sensitivities of fields and multiport antenna impedance matrices.
