论文标题
带有金字塔波 - 前传感器的自适应 - 启示/高对比度成像的性能限制
Performance limits of adaptive-optics/high-contrast imagers with pyramid wave-front sensors
论文作者
论文摘要
先进的AO系统可能会在传统的Shack-Hartmann传感器上利用金字塔波 - 前传感器(PWF),以寻求提高灵敏度,峰值性能和最终对比度。在这里,我们希望带来知识并量化PWF的理论限制,以此来突出其特性和用例。 我们在空间频率域中探索PWF的前向模型,因为它们非常有用,因为a)它们直接从物理播种(傅立叶)衍射理论中散发出来; b)提供了有意义的错误崩溃的直接路径,c)允许使用$ O(n \,log(n))$复杂性的重建算法,用于大规模系统,D)与脱钩(分布式)最佳预测性驱动控制性能和对比优化。所有这些方面都在这里处理。我们专注于最近的分析PWFS开发,并使用分析和端到端模拟证明了性能。 我们以在现有系统上观察到的对比对比度锚定估计值,然后在PWFS分析和蒙特卡罗估计之间表现出很好的一致性。对于10 \现有高对比度成像器的潜在升级,具有可见或近红外PWF的M级望远镜,我们显示出在偏执的中位条件下,在较大的分离中,在较大的分离范围内替换了2x-5x的2x-5x的对比度改进(受到2x-5x的限制),而在AO中,则在AO ONAI CORTAIN中替换了Aliase and Aliase and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and and by by and and and and and and and and and and and and by by in conty and controuts and and and and and a。在大多数AO控制区域中,分布式控制与PWFS分布式控制,从通常以1-2 $λ/D $的内部工作角度到AO校正边缘(此处为20 $λ/D $)。
Advanced AO systems will likely utilise Pyramid wave-front sensors (PWFS) over the traditional Shack-Hartmann sensor in the quest for increased sensitivity, peak performance and ultimate contrast. Here, we wish to bring knowledge and quantify the PWFS theoretical limits as a means to highlight its properties and use cases. We explore forward models for the PWFS in the spatial-frequency domain for they prove quite useful since a) they emanate directly from physical-optics (Fourier) diffraction theory; b) provide a straightforward path to meaningful error breakdowns, c) allow for reconstruction algorithms with $O (n\,log(n))$ complexity for large-scale systems and d) tie in seamlessly with decoupled (distributed) optimal predictive dynamic control for performance and contrast optimisation. All these aspects are dealt with here. We focus on recent analytical PWFS developments and demonstrate the performance using both analytic and end-to-end simulations. We anchor our estimates with observed on-sky contrast on existing systems and then show very good agreement between analytical and Monte-Carlo estimates for the PWFS. For a potential upgrade of existing high-contrast imagers on 10\,m-class telescopes with visible or near-infrared PWFS, we show under median conditions at Paranal a contrast improvement (limited by chromatic and scintillation effects) of 2x-5x by replacing the wave-front sensor alone at large separations close to the AO control radius where aliasing dominates, and factors in excess of 10x by coupling distributed control with the PWFS over most of the AO control region, from small separations starting with the Inner Working Angle of typically 1-2 $λ/D$ to the AO correction edge (here 20 $λ/D$).