论文标题

在L波段中高光谱分辨率的HD 179949 B大气中水蒸气的弱频谱特征

A weak spectral signature of water vapour in the atmosphere of HD 179949 b at high spectral resolution in the L-band

论文作者

Webb, Rebecca K., Brogi, Matteo, Gandhi, Siddharth, Line, Michael R., Birkby, Jayne L., Chubb, Katy L., Snellen, Ignas A. G., Yurchenko, Sergey N.

论文摘要

高分辨率光谱法(R> 20,000)目前是限制非传输热木星的轨道溶液和大气特性的唯一已知方法。这样做是通过将行星的光谱特征解析到光谱线森林中,并直接观察其多普勒偏移,同时绕宿主恒星绕。在这项研究中,我们分析了非传输巨型行星HD 179949 B的VLT/CRIRE(r = 100,000)L波段观测值,中心约为3.5微米。我们观察到H2O的弱(3.0 Sigma或S/N = 4.8)的光谱特征在跨连接处的行星径向速度中包含的吸收中,并且对用于建模的行列表的选择有温和的依赖性。将这些数据与以前在K波段中的观察结果相结合,我们测量了与浅层流量率,太阳能/O比最一致的大气中的检测显着性,而CO和H2O是该波长范围内唯一的不透明度来源。由于两组数据分开了三年,这表明没有应有的径向速度异常,例如大气循环的可变性。我们测量了KP =(145.2 +-2.0)kmms^{ - 1}(1 Sigma)的行星行星的投影轨道速度,并将此参数上的误差线提高〜70%。但是,由于巨大的质量和半马约尔·阿克斯(Semi -Major Axis)的主要不确定性,我们仅在轨道倾斜度(66.2 +3.7 -3.1度)和行星质量(0.963 +0.036 -0.031木星质量)上略微拧紧限制。因此,径向速度行星的后续行动对于通过高分辨率光谱法充分实现其准确表征至关重要。

High resolution spectroscopy (R > 20,000) is currently the only known method to constrain the orbital solution and atmospheric properties of non-transiting hot Jupiters. It does so by resolving the spectral features of the planet into a forest of spectral lines and directly observing its Doppler shift while orbiting the host star. In this study, we analyse VLT/CRIRES (R = 100,000) L-band observations of the non-transiting giant planet HD 179949 b centred around 3.5 microns. We observe a weak (3.0 sigma, or S/N = 4.8) spectral signature of H2O in absorption contained within the radial velocity of the planet at superior-conjunction, with a mild dependence on the choice of line list used for the modelling. Combining this data with previous observations in the K-band, we measure a detection significance of 8.4 sigma for an atmosphere that is most consistent with a shallow lapse-rate, solar C/O ratio, and with CO and H2O being the only major sources of opacity in this wavelength range. As the two sets of data were taken three years apart, this points to the absence of strong radial-velocity anomalies due, e.g., to variability in atmospheric circulation. We measure a projected orbital velocity for the planet of KP = (145.2 +- 2.0)kms^{-1} (1 sigma) and improve the error bars on this parameter by ~70%. However, we only marginally tighten constraints on orbital inclination (66.2 +3.7 -3.1 degrees) and planet mass (0.963 +0.036 -0.031 Jupiter masses), due to the dominant uncertainties of stellar mass and semi-major axis. Follow ups of radial-velocity planets are thus crucial to fully enable their accurate characterisation via high resolution spectroscopy.

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