论文标题
在自愿社会困境中循环统治的新颖途径
A novel route to cyclic dominance in voluntary social dilemmas
论文作者
论文摘要
合作是现代人类社会的骨干,成为了解成功合作机制如何运作的优先事项。循环优势是一种非传递的设置,其中包括至少三种策略,其中第一种策略推翻了第二个策略,而第二个策略则遍布第三个策略,而第三个策略又遍布了第一个策略,众所周知,第一个策略是维持生物多样性的,可以在细菌群之间竞争,并在社交困境中保留合作。在这里,我们提出了一条新颖的途径在自愿社交困境中,通过增加了合作者,叛逃者和孤独者的传统组合,这是第四个玩家类型的,避开风险的对冲者,他们在支付套期费用时付出了tit脚,以避免被利用。当这种成本足够小时,合作者,叛逃者和对冲者进入了循环优势的环路,即使在最不利的条件下,也可以保留合作。相反,当对冲成本很大时,对冲者就会消失,因此恢复了合作者,叛逃者和孤独者的传统相互作用。在对冲成本的中期区域,随之而来的是复杂的进化动态,促使两国,三个或四个竞争策略之间的过渡。因此,我们的结果表明,自愿参与只是通过循环优势进行持续合作的一种途径。
Cooperation is the backbone of modern human societies, making it a priority to understand how successful cooperation-sustaining mechanisms operate. Cyclic dominance, a non-transitive setup comprising at least three strategies wherein the first strategy overrules the second which overrules the third which, in turn, overrules the first strategy, is known to maintain bio-diversity, drive competition between bacterial strains, and preserve cooperation in social dilemmas. Here, we present a novel route to cyclic dominance in voluntary social dilemmas by adding to the traditional mix of cooperators, defectors, and loners, a fourth player type, risk-averse hedgers, who enact tit-for-tat upon paying a hedging cost to avoid being exploited. When this cost is sufficiently small, cooperators, defectors, and hedgers enter a loop of cyclic dominance that preserves cooperation even under the most adverse conditions. In contrast, when the hedging cost is large, hedgers disappear, consequently reverting to the traditional interplay of cooperators, defectors, and loners. In the interim region of hedging costs, complex evolutionary dynamics ensues, prompting transitions between states with two, three, or four competing strategies. Our results thus reveal that voluntary participation is but one pathway to sustained cooperation via cyclic dominance.