论文标题
从小物质波索尼顿中一一提取原子
Extracting atoms one by one from a small matter-wave soliton
论文作者
论文摘要
在有吸引力的Bose-Hubbard模型的框架内考虑了小型一维物质波孤子的激发。该系统的初始本征态是通过对玻色 - 哈伯族哈密顿量的确切对角线化发现的。我们通过诱导隧道速率的弱调制来驱动本征态之间的过渡，并表明即使持续的外部调制，剩下的原子仍可以提取单个原子。该方案表明，具有确定性原子数的小物质孤子子实现了实验。此外，精确本征态的知识允许识别哈密顿官不同特征态之间过渡的选择规则。一个选择规则与系统的翻译对称性有关。另一个严格仅适用于希尔伯特总空间的子空间，并且与平等对称性有关。我们表明，在强烈的互动限制中，该选择规则对整个希尔伯特空间都有影响。我们讨论了它在系统动力学上的签名，并考虑如何使用超低原子在实验中观察到它。
Excitations of small one-dimensional matter-wave solitons are considered within a framework of the attractive Bose-Hubbard model. The initial eigenstates of the system are found by exact diagonalization of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. We drive transitions between the eigenstates by inducing a weak modulation of the tunnelling rate and show that a single atom can be extracted while the remaining atoms stay localized despite the persistent external modulation. This scheme suggests the experimental realization of small matter-wave solitons with deterministic number of atoms. In addition, the knowledge of exact eigenstates allows identification of the selection rules for transitions between the different eigenstates of the Hamiltonian. One selection rule is related to the translation symmetry of the system. Another one is strictly applicable only on a subspace of the total Hilbert space and is related to the parity symmetry. We show that in the strongly interacting limit this selection rule has implications on the entire Hilbert space. We discuss its signatures on the system's dynamics and consider how it can be observed experimentally with ultracold atoms.
