论文标题
在2019年英国大选期间对候选人的在线虐待：工作文件
Online Abuse toward Candidates during the UK General Election 2019: Working Paper
论文作者
论文摘要
2019年英国大选是在对政客对在线敌对水平上升的背景下进行的，并担心其对民主的影响。我们收集了从11月初到12月12日选举后不久的六周期间，在六周内送出或从选举候选人发送的420万条推文。我们发现，候选人收到的答复中有4.46％的虐待，高于2017年英国大选的比赛期间的3.27 \％。整个2019年，虐待水平也在一个月攀升。在整个竞选期间，虐待也在升级。 虐待主要集中在少数知名的政治家身上。虐待是“尖峰”，是由诸如辩论或某些推文之类的外部事件触发的。当政客讨论炎症性话题（例如边界和移民）时，虐待会增加。社会正义等主题也可能会强烈反对。一些推文可能会成为人身虐待的病毒目标。平均而言，男人遭受了更多的一般和政治虐待；妇女遭受了更多的性别歧视。国会议员选择不再站起来，在2019年期间遭受了更多的虐待。
The 2019 UK general election took place against a background of rising online hostility levels toward politicians and concerns about its impact on democracy. We collected 4.2 million tweets sent to or from election candidates in the six week period spanning from the start of November until shortly after the December 12th election. We found abuse in 4.46\% of replies received by candidates, up from 3.27\% in the matching period for the 2017 UK general election. Abuse levels have also been climbing month on month throughout 2019. Abuse also escalated throughout the campaign period. Abuse focused mainly on a small number of high profile politicians. Abuse is "spiky", triggered by external events such as debates, or certain tweets. Abuse increases when politicians discuss inflammatory topics such as borders and immigration. There may also be a backlash on topics such as social justice. Some tweets may become viral targets for personal abuse. On average, men received more general and political abuse; women received more sexist abuse. MPs choosing not to stand again had received more abuse during 2019.
