论文标题

影响哈密顿系统和多边形台球

Impact Hamiltonian systems and polygonal billiards

论文作者

Becker, L., Elliott, S., Firester, B., Cohen, S. Gonen, Pnueli, M., Rom-Kedar, V.

论文摘要

可分开的两种自由度哈密顿系统的影响描述了弹簧和弹跳一步的光束的动力学,并具有尊重,明智的分离性对称性的影响。保留了每个自由度的能量,并通过动作角度坐标将每个级别集合的运动与四维相空间中平坦的二维表面上的地球流动相结合。然而,对于一系列能量,这些表面不是简单的liouville -arnold tori-这些是第二属的托里,因此它们上的运动不会与简单的旋转结合在一起。也就是说,即使能量没有在两个自由度之间传递,影响系统是准积分的,也不是liouville-arnold类型。实际上,对于在此范围内设置的每个级别,该运动与L形台球中方向运动的良好研究和高度不平凡的动力相结合,在该台球中,台球区域和形状以及运动方向在等效级别的集合上连续变化。在每个级别设置上,返回流到流程的庞加莱段的返回图被证明是共轭的,以在一般的非线性情况下计算,最终计算为四倍的图形图,并且对于两个线性振荡器在两个线性弹跳的情况下明确明确。可以确定的是,对于任何此类振荡器键系统,存在某些级别集的运动位置,这些级别既不是周期性也不是ergodic的。通过引入反射粒子的其他步骤,楼梯,条和块来改变冲击表面,从而导致由属-k属水平固定表面的家族散发出的等量能量表面,其中K属K属的数量和顺序取决于能量。

The dynamics of a beam held on a horizontal frame by springs and bouncing off a step is described by a separable two degrees of freedom Hamiltonian system with impacts that respect, point wise, the separability symmetry. The energy in each degree of freedom is preserved, and the motion along each level set is conjugated, via action angle coordinates, to a geodesic flow on a flat two-dimensional surface in the four dimensional phase space. Yet, for a range of energies, these surfaces are not the simple Liouville-Arnold tori - these are tori of genus two, thus the motion on them is not conjugated to simple rotations. Namely, even though energy is not transferred between the two degrees of freedom, the impact system is quasi-integrable and is not of the Liouville-Arnold type. In fact, for each level set in this range, the motion is conjugated to the well studied and highly non-trivial dynamics of directional motion in L-shaped billiards, where the billiard area and shape as well as the direction of motion vary continuously on iso-energetic level sets. Return maps to Poincaré section of the flow are shown to be conjugated, on each level set, to interval exchange maps which are computed, up to quadratures, in the general nonlinear case and explicitly for the case of two linear oscillators bouncing off a step. It is established that for any such oscillator-step system there exist step locations for which some of the level sets exhibit motion which is neither periodic nor ergodic. Changing the impact surface by introducing additional steps, staircases, strips and blocks from which the particle is reflected, leads to iso-energy surfaces that are foliated by families of genus-k level set surfaces, where the number and order of families of genus k depend on the energy.

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