论文标题
多路复用网络量化精神词典对灾难性概念失败，失语症和衰老的鲁棒性
Multiplex networks quantify robustness of the mental lexicon to catastrophic concept failures, aphasic degradation and ageing
论文作者
论文摘要
概念及其心理关联会影响语言的处理和使用方式。网络代表了探索这种认知系统的强大模型，称为精神词典。这项研究调查了对渐进单词故障的词汇鲁棒性，并通过多重网络攻击进行了努力。成人说英语的人的平均词典是通过考虑通过语义不含语义的协会和语音声音相似的16000个单词来构建的。进行性结构降解被建模为随机和靶向攻击。具有较高心理语言特征（例如频率，长度，获取年龄，多义人）或网络中心性（例如，紧密的，Pagerank，中学和程度）的单词是针对的。这里引入了失语症启发的攻击，并被异常失语症的患者正确地命名，或多或少地命名，或多或少地命名为干扰单词发现的病理学。鲁棒性被衡量为连接性，激活扩散和词汇检索的基础，以及可行性，这是一种多层连通性识别语言内核。词典有弹性，可随机，失语症和心理语言攻击。当将语音和语义程度组合在一起时，发生灾难性的相位转变，从而使词典脆弱地易碎多维攻击。可行的内核对多帕格兰克和失语症攻击是脆弱的。因此，词典中的连接性是由枢纽介导的，而生存能力可以实现词汇/语音相互作用，并且对应于失语症中的促进命名效应。这些效果也通过衰老，在年轻词典和年长词典的不同网络表示中持续存在。这项研究表明，在追求有效的语言恢复策略以防止认知障碍的设计时，需要防止精神词典中高度多的和可行的单词失败。
Concepts and their mental associations influence how language is processed and used. Networks represent powerful models for exploring such cognitive system, known as mental lexicon. This study investigates lexicon robustness to progressive word failure with multiplex network attacks. The average lexicon of an adult English speaker is built by considering 16000 words connected through semantic free associations and phonological sound similarities. Progressive structural degradation is modelled as random and targeted attacks. Words with higher psycholinguistic features (e.g. frequency, length, age of acquisition, polysemy) or network centrality (e.g. closeness, PageRank, betweenness and degree) are targeted first. Aphasia-inspired attacks are introduced here and target first words named correctly, more or less frequently, by patients with anomic aphasia, a pathology disrupting word finding. Robustness is measured as connectedness, fundamental for activation spreading and lexical retrieval, and viability, a multi-layer connectivity identifying language kernels. The lexicon is resilient to random, aphasia-inspired and psycholinguistic attacks. Catastrophic phase transitions happen when phonological and semantic degrees are combined, making the lexicon fragile to multidegree attacks. The viable kernel is fragile to multi-PageRank and to aphasia-inspired attacks. Consequently, connectedness in the lexicon is mediated by hubs, whereas viability enables a lexical semantic/phonological interplay and corresponds to a facilitative naming effect in aphasia. These effects persist also through ageing, in different network representations of younger and older lexicons. This study indicates the need to prevent failure of high multidegree and viable words in the mental lexicon when pursuing the design of effective language restoration strategies against cognitive impairing.
