论文标题
搜索附近的地球类似物。 ii。检测五个新行星，八个行星候选者以及附近九个行星的确认
Search for Nearby Earth Analogs. II. detection of five new planets, eight planet candidates, and confirmation of three planets around nine nearby M dwarfs
论文作者
论文摘要
Zechmeister等。 （2009年）调查了2000年3月至2007年3月的38个附近的M矮人，VLT2和UVES光谱仪进行了调查。该数据最近被重新分析（Butler等，2019），在多普勒速度精度方面显着改善。在此刺激的情况下，我们将UVE数据与竖琴，麦哲伦/PFS和Keck/Hires的速度集相结合。 16名候选人的候选者被发现轨道上的9个M矮人。其中有五个是与径向速度信号相对应的新行星，它们对噪声模型的选择不敏感，并且在各个时间播放器上的多个数据集中都鉴定出来。八个候选行星需要进行其他观察。我们还确认了三个先前报道的行星。在新的行星中，GJ 180 D和GJ 229a C是位于其宿主星的保守居住区中的超级地球。我们使用Monte Carlo方法研究了它们的动力稳定性，并发现两个行星轨道对伴侣行星的重力扰动都是可靠的。由于它们靠近太阳，这两个系统中宿主恒星与潜在宜居行星之间的角度分离分别为25和59 MAS。因此，它们是JWST和E-ELT的未来直接成像的良好候选人。此外，我们发现GJ 433 C，这是一种属于未探索的海王星样行星种群的冷超新生。 GJ 433 C与宿主恒星的分离为0.5，可能是第一个直接成像冷海王星成像的现实候选者。对这些行星的全面调查对于行星形成的研究很重要。
Zechmeister et al. (2009) surveyed 38 nearby M dwarfs from March 2000 to March 2007 with VLT2 and the UVES spectrometer. This data has recently been reanalyzed (Butler et al. 2019), yielding a significant improvement in the Doppler velocity precision. Spurred by this, we have combined the UVES data with velocity sets from HARPS, Magellan/PFS, and Keck/HIRES. Sixteen planet candidates have been uncovered orbiting nine M dwarfs. Five of them are new planets corresponding to radial velocity signals, which are not sensitive to the choice of noise models and are identified in multiple data sets over various timespans. Eight candidate planets require additional observation to be confirmed. We also confirm three previously reported planets. Among the new planets, GJ 180 d and GJ 229A c are super-Earths located in the conservative habitable zones of their host stars. We investigate their dynamical stability using the Monte Carlo approach and find both planetary orbits are robust to the gravitational perturbations of the companion planets. Due to their proximity to the Sun, the angular separation between the host stars and the potentially habitable planets in these two systems is 25 and 59 mas, respectively. They are thus good candidates for future direct imaging by JWST and E-ELT. In addition we find GJ 433 c, a cold super-Neptune belonging to an unexplored population of Neptune-like planets. With a separation of 0.5 as from its host star, GJ 433 c is probably the first realistic candidate for direct imaging of cold Neptunes. A comprehensive survey of these planets is important for the studies of planet formation.
