论文标题
mir-Vehicle:自动驾驶使用的具有成本效益的研究平台
MIR-Vehicle: Cost-Effective Research Platform for Autonomous Vehicle Applications
论文作者
论文摘要
本文说明了MIR(移动智能机器人)车辆:将电动车运输车转换为模块化图形处理单元(GPU)动力自主平台的可行选择,该平台具有支持测试和部署各种智能自动驾驶汽车算法的能力。要使用平台进行研究,必须提供两个组件:感知和控制。诸如增量编码器,惯性测量单元(IMU),相机以及光检测和范围(LIDAR)之类的传感器必须能够安装在平台上,以添加环境感知的能力。微控制器驱动的控制盒旨在通过调节驱动器和转向电动机来适当响应环境变化。这种逐线功能由GPU动力的笔记本电脑控制,其中处理高级感知算法,并通过各种方法生成复杂的动作,包括使用深神经网络进行行为克隆。本文的主要目的是提供一种足够,全面的方法来制造一个具有成本效益的平台,该平台将有助于更广泛的社区的研究质量。所提出的平台是使用模块化和分层软件体系结构,在该体系结构中,MicroController程序会处理较低和更简单的电机控件,并且GPU驱动的笔记本电脑计算机处理较高且复杂的算法。该平台使用机器人操作系统(ROS)作为中间件,以维持感知和决策模块的模块化。可以预期,由于提议的平台的功能和负担能力,可以在平台上测试并部署高级驾驶员辅助系统(ADA)(ADA),并通过良好的实时系统行为进行测试。
This paper illustrates the MIR (Mobile Intelligent Robotics) Vehicle: a feasible option of transforming an electric ride-on-car into a modular Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) powered autonomous platform equipped with the capability that supports test and deployment of various intelligent autonomous vehicles algorithms. To use a platform for research, two components must be provided: perception and control. The sensors such as incremental encoders, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), a camera, and a LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) must be able to be installed on the platform to add the capability of environmental perception. A microcontroller-powered control box is designed to properly respond to the environmental changes by regulating drive and steering motors. This drive-by-wire capability is controlled by a GPU powered laptop computer where high-level perception algorithms are processed and complex actions are generated by various methods including behavior cloning using deep neural networks. The main goal of this paper is to provide an adequate and comprehensive approach for fabricating a cost-effective platform that would contribute to the research quality from the wider community. The proposed platform is to use a modular and hierarchical software architecture where the lower and simpler motor controls are taken care of by microcontroller programs, and the higher and complex algorithms are processed by a GPU powered laptop computer. The platform uses the Robot Operating System (ROS) as middleware to maintain the modularity of the perceptions and decision-making modules. It is expected that the level three and above autonomous vehicle systems and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) can be tested on and deployed to the platform with a decent real-time system behavior due to the capabilities and affordability of the proposed platform.